The automotive catalytic converter is a part of exhaust system in vehicles, which reduces the amount of harmful substances in exhaust fumes. The need of using automotive catalytic converters results from rigorous standards for exhaust fumes emissions, called EURO standards. In Poland, there is not any installation designed in order to recycle worn out automotive catalytic converters. Catalytic converters are purchased by individual entrepreneurs and exported abroad. This article presents a solution of recycling of catalytic converters which can recover precious metals contained in catalytic converters. This article also characterizes automotive catalytic converters and reviews the standards of exhaust fumes emission.
The paper presents the analysis of nature of metal flow during extrusion of non-circular sections and determining the relationship between extrusion force and geometrical parameters of extrudate (the shape of the extrudate). Experimental procedure was curried out for the simplest cases of non-circular profiles (triangle, square, rectangular) of various geometrical parameters. The extrusion load and punch displacement have been registered during experimental work. By determining parameters of metal plastic flow (the depth of plastic zone Lp and the dead zone angle sm) it has been shown the difference in nature of metal flow during extrusion product differing in non-circular sections. This differentiation results in the complex nature of flow consequential from change with circular section of the billet to non-circular section of extrudate. It has been shown that flow resistance can be different with regard to appearing configurations of deformation zones (the size and shape of plastic zone, dead and shear zones) and dependent from for example geometrical parameters of a die (shape and size of an die orifice).
The new generation of Al-Li alloys are modern metallic materials used in production of aircraft parts, such as: fuselage sub-assemblies or floor bearing elements (e.g. A380). These alloys are characterized by attractive mechanical properties in comparison to conventional aluminum type alloys. The Al-Cu 2xxx series alloys, characterized by high strength and low density properties, as well as Al-Zn 7xxx series alloys characterized by high corrosion resistance, are used for structural applications such as, aircraft wings. The development of light-weight materials and fabricating parts/sub-assemblies of substantially large dimensions has become a major issue for the aerospace industry, which has boosted the development of more advanced materials with high specification properties. Recent aluminum alloy developments are based on achieving superior fatigue crack growth resistance, better corrosion resistance, lower density, etc. Standard manufacturing techniques, such as: welding, casting or extrusion, ought to be developed in order to find beneficial solution allowing structural weight reduction, which is a very efficient means of improving aircraft performance.Al alloys used in aircraft applications possess a number of extraordinary properties, which make them suitable for use in the manufacture of the structural parts of aircraft. Extrusion as a manufacturing process of these materials allows for the obtaining of the required quality of the specific geometrical parameters, macro and microstructure, properties (including The paper presents an analysis of selected aluminum alloys as structural materials used in production of aircraft parts as well as specification of technological parameters of Al alloys extrusion on a backward press with their effect on mechanical properties, microstructure and quality of the final product. Upsetting tests with backward extrusion complex cross-sectional profile tests were conducted on aluminum alloys 7075, 2024, 2099. Based on the results, specifications of forging in the form of unit stress -effective strain relations were determined using logarithmic deformation index, allowing proper choice of extrusion parameters. The range of temperatures for hot plastic treatment along with range of extrusion rate for the analyzed thin-walled aircraft profiles were determined. Tests were also conducted on the microstructure of Al alloys in the initial state as well as after the extrusion process had been completed. It has been proved that the proper choice of parameters in the case of a specific profile extruded from Aluminum alloys 2024, 7075, 2099, allows the manufacturing of products of complex crosssections and the quality required in aerospace industry. This has been demonstrated on the example of complex cross-sectional profiles using elements of varied wall thickness.
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