This study focused on evaluating the performance of biogas plants among the different district of Chhattisgarh State. Data from an existing biogas plants, located in Chhattisgarh state, was used for the performance evaluation of randomly selected biogas plants. Overall district wise biogas generation efficiency of Chhattisgarh plain was found to be 75.73 % and the efficiency was found maximum in district Mahasamund (83.50 %) and Durg (80.81 %) whereas minimum in district Raigarh (71.7 %). Average consumption or say use of biogas burner in the Chhattisgarh plains was found to be 3.75 h / day. However, the burner use-time varied with owner to owner from 2.70 h to 6.04 h / day. The district wise overall plant efficiency of Chhattisgarh plains was found 64.72 %, which varied district to district from 46-82 %. Overall performance was found maximum of 2 m 3 plant (73.44 %) followed by 3 m 3 (64.85 %). Minimum overall performance was found 8 m 3 size (40.87 %) followed by 4m 3 (44.62 %) size of plant. The overall plant efficiency reduced with increasing the plant size.
Bundelkhand area of Uttar Pradesh is comprised of seven districts viz., Chitrakoot, Banda, Hamirpur, Mahoba, Jalaun, Jhansi and Lalitpur. The present study was conducted in Banda district of Uttar Pradesh where the vegetable crops are grown by farmers in large areas. Among the eight blocks of Banda, two blocks namely Badokhar Khurd and Mahua were purposively selected. Eight vegetable growing villages (4 from Badokhar Khurd and 4 from Mahua block) based on production potential of the tomato were drawn up and from each village 18 vegetable growers (six from each category) having minimum 3 years of experience in commercial tomato cultivation were selected randomly with sample size is 144. It is revealed that technological gap in marginal farmers category was observed in the nursery raising and seed-treatment (74.80%) followed by plant protection measures (67.83%) and fertilizer application (67.00%). In small farmers category Identification of insect and pest (77.16%) followed by fertilizer application (74.50%) and plant protection measures (67.33%) were major whereas for medium category the technological gap was observed in nursery raising and seed-treatment (69.30%) followed by plant protection measures (67.58%) and fertilizer application (66.17%). The technological gap level in all categories of farmers revealed that the medium level of technological gap was observed in majority of tomato growers (44.45%) followed by high level of technological gap (38.20%) and low level of technological gap (17.36%).
Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh (UP), India is a major pulse producer in the Indian subcontinent. The agriculture production, particularly, pulses have been playing a great role in strengthening the economic conditions and are the source of livelihood of Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh state. The productivity of chickpea crop is low due to lack of adoption of best management practices of chickpea by farmers Keeping these constraints under consideration the yield gap and technology gap assessed of the region by conducting Cluster Front Line Demonstrations on best management practices of chickpea during Rabi seasons in the year 2015-16 to 2018-2019, respectively. The demonstration was carried out in six villages of Mahoba district. The results revealed that the full technological gap in 5 practices (variety, seed treatment, seed inculcation with Rhizobium, weed management practices and plant protection), a partial gap in 3 practices (seed rate, fertilizer management and irrigation) and Nil gap in 2 practices (land preparation and sowing methods). Further, Average grain yield of chickpea showed a remarkable increase (32%) in CFLDs compared to Farmers practice (check). However, it is still behind to potential yield. The average technological gap, extension gap and technology index were 8.10 q ha-1, 3.30q ha-1 and 36.6% respectively. The study recommends the improvement of productivity of chickpea may be achieved through fulfilling the gap between demonstration yield and farmers practice yield. Therefore, more effort requires to determine the socio-economic factors for practicing age-old practice and extension efforts needed to the rapid diffusion of best management practices. Further, The future study on variable climate conditions and edaphic factors requires to determine the gap between potential and demonstration yield.
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