With traditional natural gas being one of the top options for heating in the United States and the present threat of climate change, there is a demand for an alternative clean fuel source. A Renewable Natural Gas Implementation Decision-Making Conceptual Model was created to provide a framework for considering the feasibility of renewable natural gas (RNG) projects and applied to New Jersey, specifically investigating landfills and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Data from the US EPA’s Landfill Methane Outreach Program and New Jersey’s Department of Environmental Protection Sewage Sludge databases were used to identify seven landfills and 22 WWTPs as possible locations for RNG projects. Landfills were found to have a higher potential for producing RNG, on average potentially producing enough RNG to heat 12,792 homes per year versus 1227 for the average WWTP. Additionally, landfills, while having higher capital expenses, have lower projected payback periods, averaging 5.19 years compared to WWTP’s 11.78 years. WWTPs, however, generally are located closer to existing natural gas pipelines than landfills and when they produce more than 362 million standard cubic feet per year (MMSCFY) of biogas are financially feasible. RNG projects at Monmouth County Reclamation Center, Ocean County Landfill, and Passaic Valley Sewerage Commission WWTP show the greatest potential. Greenhouse gas emission reductions from RNG projects at these facilities utilizing all available biogas would be 1.628 million metric tons CO2 equivalence per year, synonymous to removing over 351,000 passenger vehicles from the road each year. In addition, expanding federal and state incentives to encompass RNG as a heating fuel is necessary to reduce financial barriers to RNG projects throughout the US. Overall, this paper supports the hypothesized conceptual model in examining the feasibility of RNG projects through examples from New Jersey and confirms the potential for RNG production utilizing existing waste streams.
In recent years, the number of automotive vehicles are increasing as these vehicles are becoming essential in developed and developing countries; which results in increase in waste tires. In most of the developing and under developed countries, the waste tires are not scientifically disposed and pollutes the environment. The synthetic rubber present in the tire is not biodegradable. Hence a research work is carried out to convert the waste tires and tubes into fuel using the process of pyrolysis. The tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) properties were compared with fossil diesel and it was observed that the properties of tire pyrolysis oil and diesel are closer. In the diesel engine the tire pyrolysis oil was used as partial substitute for the diesel and engine tests were performed by varying the engine loads. The results of the engine tests show that the tire pyrolysis oil can be effectively used as partial substitute in diesel engine with no need of making modifications in the engine’s fuel injection system. This paper discusses the waste tire statistics, conversion of tire into tire pyrolysis oil and engine studies with tire pyrolysis oil.
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