I. INTRODUCTIONWireless Sensor Networks (WSN), are spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location. WSN is formed by hundreds or thousands of nodes that communicate with each other and pass data along from one to another and compulsorily connected to at least one base station. Successful operation of wireless sensor network depends upon battery life of sensor nodes. Harsh/Remote application area and less human interventions make it quite impossible to recharge or replace battery of sensor nodes. Therefore, efficient energy consumption of nodes to extend network lifetime is a prime design issue for wireless sensor networks [1]. A number of cluster protocols based on energy efficient have been proposed in the literature. These approaches attempt to minimize energy consumption by reducing the transmission of redundant data. Clustering approaches focus primarily on the communication process during cluster organization and CH election and neglect the effect of information processing on energy consumption [2]. Routing in WSNs is very challenging due to the inherent characteristics that distinguish these networks from other wireless networks like mobile ad hoc networks or cellular networks. Hierarchical cluster-based routing methods is essential for sensor network applications where a large number of sensors are deployed for sensing purposes. If each sensor starts to communicate and engage in data transmission in the network, a great network congestion and data collisions will be experienced, which results in draining of the limited energy from the network. Node clustering will address these issues. In clustered networks, nodes can be partitioned into a number of small groups called clusters. Each cluster has a coordinator, referred to as a cluster head (CH), and a number of sensor nodes (SNs). Clustering results in a twotier hierarchy in which CHs form the higher tier while SNs form the lower tier. The SNs transmit their data to the respective CHs. The CHs aggregate the data and forward them to a central base station (BS) directly or through other CHs. Clustering through creating a hierarchical WSN facilitates efficient utilization of limited energy of sensor nodes and hence extends network lifetime. [3]. In [1] author focuses on balanced network using clustering. But the random selection of nodes as cluster head reduces the chances energy enhancement of network. Random selection of CHs can lead to the probability of selection of node with low energy.
Traffic congestion is a major problem in all major cities all over the world. Conventional system has many limitations. In our project, we worked with three major goals, that is to a) provide variable time slot as per traffic density b)provide traffic corridor for ambulance c)provide shortest path to the nearest hospital. Through this paper we have attempted to revamp these standards. In our system we used RFID and Microcontrollers to sense and transmit status of traffic. The system is controlled by Microcontroller 8051. Traffic corridor can be established by the receivers installed at the ambulance section. All the sensors is interfaced to the microcontroller. The microcontroller chip supervise every sensor and either change the time slot or turn the signal green.
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