This paper aimed to devise an efficient algorithm applicable to ground penetrating radar (GPR) and to enable an automatic landmine detection. Proposed is a machine learning approach in which we put the main emphasis on fast performance of the scanning procedure analyzing the C-scans, i.e., 3-D images defined over the coordinate system, i.e., along track by across track by time, where the time axis can be associated with depth. The approach is based on our proposition of 3-D Haar-like features.
Learning of the detector is carried out by boosted decision trees.Practical experiments on metal and plastic antitank mines in a garden soil are carried out. A prototype mobile platform is designed to scan the subsurface of the ground, equipped with a GPR based on a standard vector network analyzer and our original antenna system. We report the results, particularly the following: detection sensitivity, false alarm rates, receiver operating characteristic curves, and times of learning and detection.
Under study is an application of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to landmine detection problem. We focus on the detection of antitank mines carried out in the 3D GPR images, so-called C-scans, by means of a machine learning approach. In that approach, we particularly pursue a technique for fast extraction of image features based on an initial calculation of multiple integral images. This allows later to calculate each feature in constant time, regardless of the scanning window position and size. The features we study are statistical moments formulated in their 3D variant. We present a comparison of detection results for different sizes and parameterizations of feature sets. All results are obtained from a prototype GPR system of our original construction in terms of both hardware and software.
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