This study reports on the design, construction and performance evaluation of a domestic gas oven. The oven was designed and was fabricated with an outer dimension of 860 mm length × 660 mm width × 1150 mm height made up of mild steel and the inner dimension of 759 mm length × 559 mm width × 835 mm height made up of mild steel and fiber glass of 40 mm thickness was used as an insulator to reduce cost to a minimal level. The aim of this research work is to improve on the already existing gas baking oven through the incorporation of a vent/chimney for removal of humid air and roller (wheels) for easy movement. Cooking gas is supplied to the burner located in the lower chamber of the oven via a pipe connection to the gas cylinder. Perforations allow for heat dissipation within the lower chamber. Capacity of the baking oven is 12 loaves of bread of 0.5 kg per bread per tray (batch). Using a temperature regulator and from practical determination, the maximum temperature of 210°C was recorded. The performance test on the oven showed that the efficiency of the oven is of 90.7 percent. The oven can be adapted for both domestic and industrial purposes and have been found very useful in bakery industries. The oven was constructed with locally available materials. Estimated production cost is N56, 470 which is $156.86 at the exchange rate of 360 Naira to a US Dollar as at the time of this design. This can be seen in the Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation (BEME) shown in the report.
Oil storage tanks are mandated for calibration before putting to use and to be recalibrated as a statutory requirement at every five year interval. Oil tanks could be calibrated by geometrical methods such as Manual Strapping Method (MSM) and Electro-Optical Distance Ranging (EODR) method. This study compares both MSM and EODR in terms of cost incurred, duration of calibration and efficiency. Both methods were found to be efficient as they satisfied 95% minimum efficiency as stated by API MPMS 2.2 standard when compared with the wet method of tank calibration; though the cost of EODR was slightly higher than MSM but this was compensated with higher efficiency and reduced duration/time of calibration.
Equipment procurement budget is of a great challenge in manufacturing industries by reasons of its multi-objectives, insufficient funds, and inflation problems. Solutions were proffered to these problems by identifying the strategic decisions required in equipment procurement (machine, accessories, spare parts and miscellaneous costs). Procurement changes from year to year based on equipment industrial needs. Hence eleven (11) scenarios for procurement but this study focused on a scenario where all the decisions are needed for procurement. This problem is multi-objective decision problem where there is need for multi-objective decision tool for its solution, therefore a goal programming tool was adopted and improved by integrating inflation model into it to be able to solve inflation problems. International Brewery Ilesha, Nigeria was used as case study for the model’s application to evaluate its performance. The strategic decisions deviated above or positively by 0.4604, 4.1311 and 2.3760 for machines, spare-parts and miscellaneous costs respectively while accessories cost was not deviated. Therefore, the procurement cost for Machines, Accessories, Spare-parts and Miscellaneous costs would be (N 166,015,000; $ 461,152.77), (N 127,968,000; $ 355,466.67), (N 548,075,000; $ 1,522,430.56), (N 271,091,500; $ 753,031.94). US Dollar exchange rate was at N 360 to a Dollar as at the time of this research. This multi-criteria decision tool will find its application useful in small, medium and large scale industries that equipment procurement budget affects their production.v
Bees are winged insects that produce honey by their activities with the nectar of flowers. The honey produced is sweet and are finding replacement for sugar nowadays. Honey bees live in hives where the honey combs being formed by the bees are being deposited. Various methods had been exploited in extracting this honey from the honey comb both traditionally and by different designs of extractors from the primitive to a modern one. Although the former design which was locally produced in Nigeria was hand driven which functions quite efficiently, however, there is need for new innovation that involved the introduction of pedaled mechanism. An existing honey extractor design was improved upon with the introduction of pedal mechanism as compared to the hand driven one with the aim of extracting the honey in the most hygienic way with the suitable materials required. The efficiency of the machine was estimated to be 85 per cent, which was compared to the former available designed one of 83 per cent efficiency. The cost analysis for the production of the machine was included in the work which was estimated to be #48750 (US$243.75).
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