ORLDWIDE, APPROXImately 2.5 million children are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 1 and approximately 1700 new perinatal infections occur daily. 2 In the United States, more than 9300 HIV-infected children younger than 13 years have progressed to AIDS as of December 2003. 2 While the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) 076 regimen has reduced perinatal transmission by 67%, 3,4 prenatal combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has further reduced transmission to 2% or less. 4,5 Moreover, earlier diagnosis and treatment has improved the prognosis of perinatal HIV infection. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] However, the impact of treatment on progression of perinatal HIV infection remains poorly characterized at the population level.Perinatal HIV infection may progress in 2 patterns: early, with a median onset of age 4 months, or late, with a median onset of age 6 years. [14][15][16][17] It is esti-See also pp 2213 and 2272.
Common perceptions that physicians-in-training (1) overuse medical services and (2) fail, due to their inexperience, to provide high-quality services were not supported in this study.
Background: Musculoskeletal complaints account for about 15% of primary care visits. However, orthopaedic education is often lacking in both medical school and pediatric residency. Primary care physicians often report low confidence in evaluation of orthopaedic diagnoses. The literature supports the need for increased musculoskeletal education in both residency and medical school.
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