Tamoxifen (TAM) is a hormonal selective estrogen modulator used in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. It associated with increased in the oxidative stress in cells leading to tissue injury. Sodium butyrate (NaBu) increased the glutathione redox system and diminished the oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the ameliorative effect of NaBu against TAM-induced kidney injury by reducing the generation of oxidative stress. Rats were divided mainly into four group as follow: control, rats received saline for 14 days orally then saline intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 7 days, NaBu, rats received saline orally for 14 days, NaBu (300mg/kg) (i.p.) for 7 days, TAM, rats received TAM (40mg/kg) orally for 14 days, then saline (i.p.) for 7 days, (TAM-NaBu) rats received TAM orally for 14 days, NaBu (i.p.) for 7 days. Kidney injury followed by TAM treatment was assessed by the elevation in the levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid and MDA and reduction in some oxidative biomarkers, in addition to the abnormal architecture of the kidney. Conversely, Administration of sodium butyrate could ameliorate all of these damaging effects in the antioxidant system in the TAM-treated group. NaBu affords significant increments in the antioxidant enzymes. In addition, it has the therapeutic capacity to protect the kidney from the oxidative stress induced by TAM through improving the kidney function and diminishing the free radicals. Supplementation of NaBu could be useful in alleviating TAM-induced kidney injury.

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis represents an important health care problem in the world. Deviated nasal septum leads to increased chance of impaired mucociliary clearance, osteomeatal complex obstruction, and development of rhinosinusitis. Studies have revealed the role of septoplasty in curing chronic rhinosinusitis in patients with significant septal deviation. The purpose of this study is to reveal the role of septoplasty alone or combined with functional endoscopic sinus surgery in improving the outcome of chronic rhinosinusitis in patients with significant septal deviation. Results Postoperative computed tomography findings in group A (underwent septoplasty only) were mild opacity of ethmoid (25%), sinus mucosal thickening (15%), and occluded osteomeatal complex with discharge (25%). Postoperative computed tomography findings in group B mild opacity of ethmoid (30%), sinus mucosal thickening (20%), and occluded osteomeatal complex with discharge (30%). The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test score in group A decreased significantly from 85.75 to 28.85 (P < 0.05). In group B (underwent combination of septoplasty and functional endoscopic sinus surgery), the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test score also decreased significantly from 87.75 to 32.55 (P < 0.05). The improvement was 85% in group A and 80% in group B. Conclusion The post-operative improvement has no significant difference between the two groups. Hence, we suggest that septoplasty alone can be adequate for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with septal deviation.

Background: Bronchial asthma is the most frequent chronic disease in children. Asthma exacerbation is a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and hospitalization, and children's social and emotional lives. Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) has been linked to a lower prevalence of allergy illness and has been regarded as a measure of poor hygiene. Microbe-induced Th1 cytokines such as gamma interferon have been postulated to mediate the protective impact of microbial exposure. The goal of the study was to investigate the imaginable association between T. gondii infection and asthma in children. Methods: A comparative case-control study was conducted on patients at Benha University Hospital's Pediatric Department and Allergy & Asthma clinic from October 2016 to October 2017. This study included 105 children (35 with resistant bronchial asthma, 35 with responsive bronchial asthma, and 35 healthy control children). They were tested for anti-T. gondii IgG seropositivity using ELISA. Results: Our results showed that only two patients (5.7%) of 35 were positive for Toxoplasma in the resistant asthmatic group. Still, four patients (11.4%) of 35 among the responsive asthma group were positive, while nine patients (25.7%) of 35 in the control group were positive for T.gondii IgG. Conclusions: Our findings show a link between Toxoplasma infection and reduced allergy symptoms in the groups investigated. Infection with T.gondii may help prevent bronchial asthma from developing.

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