To assess the visual outcome in patients with decreased vision due to traumatic optic neuropathy who were managed differently either by conservative method, iv corticosteroids, or decompression surgery Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving 25 consecutive patients (25 eyes) with unilateral blindness as a result of head injury with regard to their visual status, CT scan, and MRI scan. Results: Patients were divided into 3 groups. In first group, 12 of 14 eyes treated with intravenous followed by oral corticosteroids had shown 2 line improvement of visual acuity, where as in the second group, 8 of 9 patients treated conservatively had shown 1 line of improvement and in third group of patients who had decompression surgery, 2 of 2 had shown 1 line of improvement. The vision of 3 patients remained the same when they presented 1 month after injury. Conclusion: Patients treated with intravenous followed by oral corticosteroids have better visual outcome compared to those who underwent conservative management and decompression surgery. Patients who had vision better than counting fingers and initiation of treatment with in 8 hours of injury showed significant improvement.

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Background: The morbidity and mortality rate is increasing due to cardiovascular disease around the globe. This may be due to drastic changes in lifestyle, food habits, work, stress, genetic factors, and environmental conditions. The present study is undertaken to evaluate the risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Shimoga region. Objective: Evaluation of risk factors of CVD in patients who admitted for treatment in McGann Teaching District Hospital, Shimoga. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Mc Gann's Teaching District Hospital, Shimoga from October 2017 to March 2018. Data about sociodemographic parameters such as age, sex, height, weight, smoking, the status of diabetes mellitus, type of occupation, and diet, tobacco, and alcohol consumption were retrieved from the medical record section and statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Out of 262 CVD cases, 60% were male and 40% were female. Based on the body mass index (BMI), 1.9% were underweight, 40.1% were normal, 34.4% were overweight, and 23.7% were obese. Sedentary (64.9%) lifestyle was significantly higher when compared to moderate (2.3%) and heavy (32.8%). Diabetes, smoking, tobacco, and alcohol consumption were seen to be significant while food custom was not significant among the study population ( P < .05). Conclusion: In our study, a higher percentage of CVD patients falls under normal BMI when compared to other studies. This may be due to lifestyle, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and family hereditary. Further extensive studies should be carried out to find the main cause of CVD in Shimoga population.

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A morcellator is a device used to cut, grind and extract tissue. This minimally invasive procedure is designed to help patient heal faster while removing the tissue that is causing the problems. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gave its approval for this device in 1993. Since then, nearly two dozen similar devices have hit the market.The authors review the available literature in order to put into perspective current status and position of morcellation in clinical practice. The evolution of morcellation over the course of years, its advantages and recent controversies and various other methods of specimen retrieval their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Morcellation being one of the techniques, has been in the news with FDA discouraging the use of these devices as they can lead to spread of cancerous tissue or they can lead to dissemination of undiagnosed cancer.We also discussed the recent innovations in morcellators and its techniques and through this topical discussion try to come to some conclusion.

Introduction An important accompaniment of Non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss is family history and consanguinity. One of the widely studied single nucleotide polymorphism is the gap junction protein beta-2 (GJB2) gene which encodes the protein connexin26. This study aims to detect the frequency of W24X mutation in a population with non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss concerning the degree of consanguinity. Materials and Methods The study includes 76 subjects with Non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss. These subjects had congenital sensorineural hearing loss and other causes for the same had been ruled out. The SNP rs 104894396 was identified by the PCR-RFLP method. Results The frequency of the wild allele was 0.84% and the mutant allele was 0.15%. The frequency of wild allele and mutant allele did not differ much between patients with and without consanguinity. The association between consanguineous marriage and allele frequency was not significant. Gene polymorphism was not present in 77 percent of our NSHL subjects, though 79 percent of our study population were a result of consanguineous marriage. Conclusion Though the role of consanguineous marriages in congenital sensorineural hearing loss is well established, the association between allele frequency and consanguineous marriage was not seen. We assume that other genes responsible for deafness may be involved in the population.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has strained the health infrastructure globally, hence the importance of cost-effective biomarkers. We aimed to identify simple haematological prognostic markers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients to differentiate between milder and severe cases, thus predicting outcome.Methods: A retrospective study of COVID-19 patients admitted at Malla Reddy institute of medical sciences was conducted from April to June 2021. Total leukocyte count (TLC), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR ratio (dNLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated and correlated with outcome. These parameters were compared with other inflammatory markers using ROC (receiver operator curve) analysis.Results: 303 patients of 397 fulfilled the inclusion criteria (male-198, female-105). There was a significant higher mean of NLR in patients with death (14.46±5.84) compared to patients recovered (8.43±4.33), similarly the dNLR was higher in death (8.06±2.34) compared to recovered (4.97±1.49). A significant positive strength of association between the NLR and dNLR with the ESR, CRP, CORADS score and CT severity score in the patients. The ROC analysis showed the NLR (AUC=0.777) and dNLR (0.799) a better marker to predict the outcome.Conclusions: In COVID-19, immuno-haematological markers like NLR, dNLR, PLR found to be a simple and cost-effective tool to prognosticate the clinical outcome among hospitalized patients and were in concordance with the other inflammatory markers. Hence, these markers serve as better indicators in risk stratification and better management.

Study objectives An assessment of the common indications for hysteroscopy (either diagnostic or therapeutic), in multiple hospitals especially in the North Indian region, over the period of past 11 years. To do an analysis of the common intraoperative diagnosis and the different types of surgeries performed therefore. To estimate the incidence of complications in the same patient population over the same time period and describe their nature. Data collection Records were collected from twelve hospitals spread mainly over North Indian region, pertaining to all those patients who underwent hysteroscopy during the period from July 2003 to October 2014. Total cases analyzed was 1834. Design Retrospective analytic study. Patients All those patients who underwent hysteroscopy of all ages referring to the above mentioned hospitals during the period from July 2003 to October 2014. Results Of the 1834 hysteroscopic procedures, 588 (32.06%) were diagnostic hysteroscopies and 1246 (67.93%) were therapeutic hysteroscopies. The most common indication for hysteroscopy was abnormal uterine bleeding (28.14%) closely followed by the second most common indication, which was for infertility check-up (26.67%). The most common hysteroscopic intervention was endometrial biopsy. The second most common intervention and the most common therapeutic hysteroscopic procedure was polypectomy; and the third most common Hysteroscopic procedure was intrauterine adhesiolysis. The main complication as found in our present study was found to be uterine perforation (0.21%), followed by false passage. Air embolism also occurred in one patient. How to cite this article Ghoshal S, Manchanda R, Manjula BC. A Multicenter Study Analyzing the different Indications of Hysteroscopy in General Population and the Complication Rate: An Experience of 11 Years. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(1):37-43.