Spent pot liner (SPL), a hazardous solid waste produced at cell houses of aluminum smelters, is a potential source of fluoride pollution. Leachates collected from SPL disposal sites were found to contain fluoride at considerable concentration levels (up to 575 mgIL). This paper reports a study of selective fluoride removal following laboratory-prepared, ion-exchange treatment. Spent pot liner leachates were pretreated with lime to bring the fluoride level down to approximately 10 mgIL for economic and effective working of the ion exchanger. The detailed ion-exchange treatment study for removal of fluoride was carried out on synthetic SPL leachates and the optimum treatment thus developed was applied on natural SPL leachates.Bench-scale studies were carried out at various flow rates and pHs and in the presence of other ions commonly available in the SPL leachates. The prepared exchanger reduced the level of fluoride from approximately 10 mglL to less than I mgIL. Results indicate that the extraction was 100% up to 6-mUmin flow rate through the ion exchanger and it works efficiently in the pH range of 7 to 10. There is no effect of the other ions present in leachates on removal of fluoride. The exchanger has good capacity to exchange and can be recharged by eluting fluoride sorbed on the exchanger using two molar hydrochloric acid. Water Environ. Res., 71,36 (1999).
The aim of this paper is to identify a technique to detoxify the industrial waste water using metal oxide nanoparticles. Waste water from manufacturing or chemical processes in industries contributes to water pollution. Industrial waste water usually contains specific and readily identifiable chemical compounds. It destroys aquatic life and reduces its reproductive ability. Eventually it is hazardous to human life. Most major industries have treatment facilities for industrial effluents but this is not the case with small-scale industries, which cannot afford enormous investments in pollution control equipment. In this paper, an experimental study was conducted to study the effect of titanium dioxide and ferric oxide nanoparticles in detoxification of industrial waste water. Here the adsorption property of these nanoparticles was used for the detoxification of industrial waste water. The nanomaterials were synthesized using high energy ball milling machine and the characterization was done through scanning electron microscopy. After the preparation, these Nano sized titanium dioxide and ferric oxide powder were introduced to the pretested waste water. Due to the adsorption property of these nanomaterials, it is observed that the contaminants like sulphate, cadmium, lead and chlorides are adsorbed to some extent.
The vision of this paper is to investigate and introduce a technique to decontaminate, one of the most essential commodities of life that is, water. The requirement of water for an individual varies from a minimum of 8 liters per day for drinking and cooking to about 20-50 liter per day for other daily needs. Unfortunately, about half of a billion people face the problem of water scarcity throughout the year. The treatment of wastewater namely sewage water can reduce these concerns however; the traditional methods of treatment are not efficient enough to completely remove the emerging pollutants. In this paper an experimental study was conducted for the effect of nano-sized materials on the purification of sewage water. As a matter of fact, various nano-materials have been prepared and used for the removal of contaminants from water. Herein the mechanism of adsorption was taken in to consideration were manganese dioxide and ferric oxide nano-particles were utilized as an adsorbent for decontamination of sewage water. The nano-materials were synthesized by means of planetary ball mills and characterization was done through scanning electron microscope. Then the prepared nano-particles were introduced in to the pre-tested water samples for contaminant adsorption. It was observed that the nano-materials can adsorb contaminants like zinc, magnesium, cadmium, chlorides & sulphates to some extent. In addition to this, the treated water shows excellent water quality standards.
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