The growth of the leading countries’economies leads to the rapid development of megacities and changes in urban areas. Currently, more and more modern high-rise civil buildings are being built, resulting in an increasing density of urban areas and the activity of transport infrastructure. This causes major changes in the structure of urban development, which leads to a change in aeration and microclimatic conditions in urban areas. Solar radiation plays an active role in shaping the microclimate of the urban space, which aggravates the heat and wind regime of the urban environment. This is especially acute in the southern cities with hot climatic conditions. The article analyzes modern urban areas and factors affecting their microclimate. The role of temperature inversions in the formation of microclimatic conditions is indicated. Using the example of the yard space in Dushanbe, measurements and field studies were carried out; graphs of the climatic indicators of the urban area were plotted. The role of solar radiation in the formation of convective flows and microclimatic conditions of urban space is discussed.
The modern urban environment, as an urbanized area, is a high-tech environment where citizens lead an active lifestyle and economic activity. As a result of the growth of the urban population, there is a need to develop the urban territory: urban spatial objects are being improved, the number of residential and public buildings is growing, transport networks and engineering infrastructure are developing. As a result, the density of urban development increases and the intensity of traffic flows increases. Such rapid changes in urban space seriously affect the ecology of the environment. In addition, anthropogenic factors resulting from the active economic activity of citizens create an additional burden on the ecology of the urban environment. In this regard, the issue of the formation of ecology in modern cities is becoming increasingly important. The presented article is devoted to the analysis of factors affecting the ecological state of modern megacities. Causes of violation of aeration of the urban environment, revealed in the process of research, can be taken into account in urban planning. The regulation of air flows of thermal origin, arising in the yard spaces, promotes air circulation in closed yard spaces, which will improve the ecological state of the air environment.
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