In many cases, the determination of the measurement uncertainty of complex nanosystems provides unexpected challenges. This is in particular true for complex systems with many degrees of freedom, i.e. nanosystems with multiparametric dependencies and multivariate output quantities. The aim of this paper is to address specific questions arising during the uncertainty calculation of such systems. This includes the division of the measurement system into subsystems and the distinction between systematic and statistical influences. We demonstrate that, even if the physical systems under investigation are very different, the corresponding uncertainty calculation can always be realized in a similar manner. This is exemplarily shown in detail for two experiments, namely magnetic nanosensors and ultrafast electro-optical sampling of complex time-domain signals. For these examples the approach for uncertainty calculation following the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM) is explained, in which correlations between multivariate output quantities are captured. To illustate the versatility of the proposed approach, its application to other experiments, namely nanometrological instruments for terahertz microscopy, dimensional scanning probe microscopy, and measurement of concentration of molecules using surface enhanced Raman scattering, is shortly discussed in the appendix. We believe that the proposed approach provides a simple but comprehensive orientation for uncertainty calculation in the discussed measurement scenarios and can also be applied to similar or related situations.
Plasmonic or exciton/plasmon (plexcitonic) systems are presently described based on electromagnetic models, ignoring the need for an improved microscopic understanding. This is based on the fact that a full quantum mechanical approach on a micrometer scale still represents a considerable challenge. In this paper we report on the experimental observation of plexcitons in 2D gold nanorod array systems coupled to dye molecules and we provide a description of the experimental data using a quantum model. We show that treating the collective behavior in the array as being represented by a single quasiparticle is a suitable approximation that offers the opportunity to avoid the complicated calculation of long-distance interactions between the individual nanoparticles of the plexcitonic, periodic system. This enables us to model the optical response of plasmons in nanostructured arrays in contact with quantum emitters and to derive microscopic informations. Our work provides a potential tool for the design of plexcitonic devices, which rely on periodic metallic nanostructures.
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