In this work, the evaluation of under deposit corrosion (UDC) behaviour of X65 pipeline steel and its inhibition in oxygen corrosion conditions were studied. In the fundamental experimental study, a three-electrode electrochemical system was used to measure the corrosion rates and polarisation curves by linear polarisation resistance and potentiodynamic polarisation methods. The galvanic effect caused by the deposit was also studied by the zero resistance ammeter technique. An 8 in X65 pipeline internal corrosion monitoring system based on the ring pair electrical resistance sensor (RPERS) was established for further research of UDC. The underdeposit corrosion rate and its inhibitory effect in the pipeline were also monitored by RPERS. Electrochemical test results showed that the corrosion inhibitor amino trimethylenephosphonic acid (ATMP) would result an accelerate corrosion for UDC. A nearly 1.7 times increase was found on the galvanic current when ATMP was introduced into the solution. The inhibitor imidazoline had a good performance on UDC for both corrosion inhibiting and the reduction of the galvanic current. Through the monitoring results of RPERS, the UDC status in the pipeline and the effect of the inhibitors were studied. The monitoring results have a consistency with the fundamental experiment.
Abstract. Located in the northeastern part of China, the stretch of land named Liaoning is a region historically characterised by the convergence of multiple ethnicities and cultures. It used to be the northeastern boundary of central China with an array of military cities and fortresses intensively built for military defence. Unlike palaces and gentry residences, vernacular residences and urban tissue existing widely in historical towns are excluded in the national protection schedule and have thus experienced different levels of damages. They feature a paradox that the general city form is well preserved whilst architectural forms are changed to a large extent. Most vernacular buildings have endured centennial baptisms, as evidenced by their architectural layouts, structures, roofing, walls, decorations etc. As most historical Chinese cities are not renowned tourist destinations, they are faced with various threats and are on the verge of extinction. The threats include the departure of young residents, decay of historical architecture, insufficient financial and technical support for architectural renovation, improper modifications by residents and demolition of entire historical neighbourhoods. Such threats are widespread in Chinese historical cities which are struggling to survive. Prior to the implementation of professional interventions, the urban forms and vernacular architecture of such historical cities should be studied. Through on-site investigation and query of historical data, especially the historical satellite city maps of U.S. Geological Survey, this study analyses the current life conditions in the context of traditional architecture, reveals problems in the use of historical architecture, identifies potential threats and summarises the underlying reasons. Suggestions benefitting local architectural conservation are then put forward.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.