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Data from 3276 cows with 6598 lactations in 85 herds participating in a herd health monitoring programme were selected for an observational study. Cases of endometritis were diagnosed based on a clinical examination after 21 days postpartum. The cases were grouped by the severity of endometritis (mild, severe) and by the treatment performed (intrauterine infusion, prostaglandin injection, no treatment). The conception rates and the calving-to-conception intervals of these groups were compared statistically. Conception rate was lower in cows with severe endometritis compared to cows with mild endometritis while it did not differ between treatment groups. In cows with mild endometritis a significantly longer calving-to-conception interval was observed if intrauterine infusions were performed compared to the other two treatment options. The occurrence of other fertility problems during the same service period had a significant effect on conception rate and calving-to-conception intervals. In cows with severe endometritis intrauterine or prostaglandin treatments appeared to be beneficial, whereas intrauterine infusions in cows with slight endometritis had a negative effect on reproductive efficiency.

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