Early detection and timely treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media in rural and illiterate patients may prevent life-threatening complications and reduce their incidence. Ears that harbour relatively large quantities of both cholesteatoma and granulation tissue together require more urgent surgical intervention and more extensive disease clearance in order to prevent complications.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tonsils undergo hypertrophy due to recurrent infection or as a part of generalized lymphoid hypertrophy. There is a good correlation between clinical tonsil grade and objective tonsil volume in adult snorers and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients.Relationship between clinical grading, oropharyngeal tonsil volume and total tonsil volume has been investigated in OSA patients but a very few in recurrent tonsillitis patients<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 50 tonsillectomy specimens from 25 patients who underwent tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis were evaluated for tonsil volume oropharyngeal volume. These volumes were evaluated by a mathematical formula. Total volume, oropharyngeal and tonsillar volume were correlated with clinical grading of the tonsil. Also neck circumference, body mass index was assessed and correlation with clinical grading was found out with spearman correlation coefficient<span lang="EN-IN">.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A spearman’s correlation was used to determine the relationship between 50 tonsillectomy specimens for total volume and clinical grading. There was a moderate positive monotonic correlation between total tonsil volume and clinical grading (rs =0.407, n =50, p &lt;0.01, Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level 2-tailed) and there was a mild positive monotonic correlation between intraoral tonsil volume and clinical grading (rs =0.351, n =50, p &lt;0.05 Correlation was significant at the 0.05 level 2-tailed)<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Total tonsil volume and oropharyngeal volume correlates well with clinical grading of the tonsil. BMI and neck circumference does not correlate with the clinical grading of the tonsil<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is a common cause of upper airway obstruction and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children having major impact on child’s growth and development. Symptoms like nasal congestion, mouth breathing, nasal discharge, snoring, day time sleepiness, hyponasal voice, ear popping, and craniofacial abnormalities are observed. Adenoidectomy is considered the treatment of choice for symptomatic children. Co-existing medical illnesses and choice of surgical treatment is governed by the paediatricians and apprehensive parents. Need for conservative treatments in alleviating symptoms have been tried. Topical, intranasal administered, steroid preparations have been proven effective in the literature.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In this prospective study, 35 symptomatic children (3-12 years) with adenoid hypertrophy were included. Each of the symptoms was scored from 0 (absent) to 4 (severe) over Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Nasal obstruction index was calculated. Results of mometasone furoate nasal spray 100 microgram/day used once daily at the interval of 8 weeks and 12 weeks were analysed using statistical tests.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A statistically significant reduction in nasal obstruction index and other symptoms were noted at the end of third month follow up.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Mometasone furoate nasal spray caused improvements in outcomes of nasal obstruction, snoring, total nasal symptoms, ear symptoms and overall quality of life.</p>

Introduction Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is defined as the retrograde flow of gastric content into larynx and pharynx. It is a multifactorial syndrome. Empiric trial of PPI therapy represents the first step to confirm LPR and to treat it accordingly as all currently available diagnostic tests have poor sensitivity and specificity. However, there is no accepted protocol for the most effective treatment of patients with LPR. Objective of the study was to assess the effect of Rabeprazole on pachydermia laryngis (posterior commissure hypertrophy) in patients with LPR. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, 75 subjects diagnosed with LPR using Reflux symptom index (RSI) and Reflux finding score (RFS) tools were recruited. Using RFS, posterior commissure hypertrophy was scored at presentation and after 8 weeks of rabeprazole therapy. The mean pre- and post-treatment posterior commissure hypertrophy scores for each patient were compared using paired T-test. Results Posterior commissure hypertrophy did not show statistically significant improvement following 8 weeks of 20 mg once daily oral rabeprazole therapy. Conclusion Eight weeks of oral therapy with Rabeprazole 20 mg once daily did not show statistically significant improvement in posterior commissure hypertrophy.