Nowadays the modern society thinks more about the adverse impact of transport on the environment. Therefore development engineers and manufacturers of automobile and bus facilities have recently started to take more interest in creation of transport facilities with a reduced impact on the environment. These transport facilities comprise an energy storage unit as a traction battery that has a key impact on their cost and characteristics, such as like a carrying capacity and a distance on one charge. Development engineers must get all the necessary technical specifications of system components, as well as rapidly and flexibly evaluate an impact of their changes on service characteristics. It allows applying a simulation approach by using the Matlab/Simulink software suite while analysing motion modes under service conditions. This article contains the results of such an analysis for motion modes of passenger vehicles with high capacity depending on their routes. This analysis was executed by recording speed rates with subsequent statistical processing. It shows that average running speeds don’t exceed 15 km/h. And the vehicle doesn’t reach any maximum speed values. It has been established that the electric engine working points relate to the first zone of the external characteristic. The most typical speed values do not exceed 1/3 from the maximum speed, and the values of a torsion tractive effort torque and a brake torque are within the limits and do not exceed 35 from the maximum short-time torque.
Improving the fuel, economic and environmental indicators of the process of generating electrical energy is an urgent problem of small-scale power generation, due to a significant share of traditional solutions based on diesel generator sets, which are not highly efficient in the overall structure of primary fuel use (including the stages of production, transportation and final transformation). At the same time, the modern development of technologies in the field of promising energy sources and power electronics contributes to the sustainable diversification of energy resources, strengthening the position of environmentally friendly renewable energy. However, the use of alternative types of fuels for variable speed engine generators, photovoltaic and wind power plants is associated with the need to use additional devices for converting electrical energy – stabilizing voltage converters. This article is devoted to issues related to the design of autonomous power systems based on these voltage converters using mathematical modeling tools. The paper describes a complex mathematical model of an autonomous power plant with a variable speed motor-generator and an electric energy storage device, presents a mathematical description of the main components of such a system, and also provides examples of the model implementation in a specialized software environment. A distinctive feature of the proposed model is an approach to modeling the operating modes of an engine-generator set, which is a synthesis of multi-parameter characteristics of an internal combustion engine, analytical expressions for energy storage and conversion systems. The presented complex model makes it possible to determine the electrical, energy and environmental indicators of autonomous power plants when the power of the electrical load changes. The article provides an example of the nature of the results obtained in computer modeling.
The growing market of vehicles on alternative energy sources and the desire of automakers to switch to the production of efficient and environmentally friendly vehicles lead to searching of various possibilities to make this desire coming true. In addition to designing and mass production of new electric cars the promising direction is converting combustion vehicles to electric. This article presents a review of international experience in the field of conversion of existing vehicles with internal combustion engines to electric vehicles and vehicles with hybrid powertrains.
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