The purpose of this report is to describe low-flow characteristics of streams in the Menominee-Oconto-Peshtigo River "basin where streamflow data have "been collected and to present equations for estimating low-flow characteristics at ungaged sites. Included are estimates of low-flow frequency at 12 gaging stations, flow duration at 10 gaging stations, and low-flow frequency characteristics at 37 low-flow partial-record stations and 127 miscellaneous sites. Four equations are provided to estimate low-flow characteristics at ungaged sites and at sites where one "base-flow discharge measurement is available. The low-flow characteristics determined are the annual minimum 7-day mean flow "below-/ which the flow will fall on an average of once in 2 years (0,7,2) an<^ once in 10 years (Qy IQ)* ^e equations were determined from multiple-regression analyses that related the low-flow characteristics at gaging stations and low-flow partialrecord stations to "basin characteristics. Drainage area (A), slope (S), and transmissivity (T) were the most significant characteristics in explaining the variations in low flow for ungaged sites. The equations and standard error of estimates (SE) for ungaged sites are:
The purpose of this report is to describe low-flow characteristics of streams in the St. Croix River basin where streamflow data have been collected and to present equations for estimating low-flow characteristics at ungaged sites. Included are estimates of low-flow frequency and flow duration at 7 gaging stations, and low-flow frequency characteristics at 26 low-flow partialrecord stations and 75 miscellaneous sites. Four equations are provided to estimate low-flow characteristics at ungaged sites and at sites where one base-flow discharge measurement is available. The low-flow characteristics determined were the annual minimum 7-day mean flow below which the flow will fall on an average of once in 2 years (Q7 9 2) and once in 10 years (Q7 s io)« The equations were determined from multiple-regression analyses that related the low-flow characteristics at gaging stations and lowflow partial-record stations to basin characteristics. Drainage area (A) was the most significant characteristic in explaining the variations in low flow for ungaged sites. The equations and standard error of estimates (SE) for ungaged sites are: 2 = 3.75X10"2A1 * 3° SE 2 = 110 percent nn = 1.05x10"" A * ' SE^ __ = 150 percent 10 7»io For sites where one base-flow measurement has been made drainage area (A) and base-flow index (Bf) were the most significant characteristics. The equations and standard error of estimate are: QT 2 = O.U92A1 Bf1 ' 01 SE 2 = 38 percent _ = 0.235A1 ' 28Bf1 ' 21 SEV nn = 52 percent WISCONSIN LAKE SUPERIOR BA'SIN WRI 79-38 UPPER w| SCpNSIN/jMENOMINEE J'VER / \OCONTO
Introduction Basin description Low-flow characteristics Analytical techniques Gaging stations Low-flow partial-record stations Miscellaneous sites Accuracy Gaging stations Low-flow partial-record stations Miscellaneous sites Estimating low-flow characteristics at ungaged sites Streamflow characteristics Basin characteristics Regression analysis Sites without base-flow data Sites with some base-flow data Verification of regression equations that use base-flow index Application of estimating procedures Sites without base-flow data Sites with some base-flow data Comparison of methods Summary . References ILLUSTRATIONS IV EXPLANATION OF TERMSBase flow That part of the streamflow derived from ground water.Low flow The minimum stream discharge that occurs within a given time period.Continuous-record gaging station A station where continuous streamflow data are collected.Low-flow partial-record station A station where eight or more baseflow discharge measurements are made in at least a 2-year period to determine low-flow characteristics.Miscellaneous site A site where less than eight base-flow discharge measurements have been made as part of other water-resources investigations or to determine the stream* s base-flow characteristics for this report.annual minimum 7-day mean flow below which the flow will fall on the average of once in 2 years. Q7 10 The annual minimum 7-day mean flow below which the flow will fall on the average of once in 10 years.Q90 The discharge at the 90 percent flow-duration point which is defined as the discharge that is exceeded 90 percent of the time.Standard error of estimate (SE) Is a range such that values estimated by a method are within this range at about 67 percent of the sites.SEy 2 The standard error of estimate for the Qy 2 discharge. SE7,10 T^e standard error of estimate for the Qy^io discharge.
This report presents low-flow characteristics at six sites on streams in the Eau Claire River basin near Antigo, Wis., where applications for Irrigation permits were made. The low-flow characteristics presented are the annual minimum 7-day mean flows at the 2-year recurrence interval and 10-year recurrence interval. A seepage run made October 10, 1974, showed a substantial gain 3 in discharge from site 2 (3.75 ft /s [cubic feet per second] or 3 .
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