Thoracoomphalopagus is the commonest type of conjoined twin where the bodies are fused from upper chest to lower chest. The autopsy done can help counsil the parents for further pregnancies and determine the prognosis depending upon the type of cardiac anomaly by Seo classification when detected antenatally. We describe the detail pathological autopsy of such a case with single heart and single liver.
A detail autopsy was done on the twin fetus.
The twins shared a single heart and sometimes the liver and part of digestive system. The combined weight was 4.1 KG. Both were full-term male babies joined from below the nipple till umbilicus.
Autopsy in conjoined twins helps in deciding the type of fusion of the body and also of the heart and great vessels. It can help in counseling parents about future pregnancies that there is no chance of recurrence of this abnormality and no need to be scared.
Background: Diabetic foot ulcer is a serious and common complication of diabetes mellitus. 12%–25% have a risk of developing a foot ulcer during their lifetime. Diabetic neuropathy and micro- or macro-ischemia are the two main risk factors that cause diabetic foot ulcer.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in dept of general surgery, KVGMCH between 1st November 2019 and 30th August 2020 among 90 pts with diabetic foot ulcers, selected by systematic random sampling methods. Considering prevalence of DFU, among the diabetic pts as 8.8%, the sample size was estimated to be 90 using the formula 4pq/L2, with absolute error as 6%. Patients will be managed conservatively with antibiotics like aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, penicillin derivatives and dressings and if needed surgical interventions will be performed.Results: Maximum number of pts had HbA1c levels of >8% and they accounted for 35.55%. Almost 98% of the patients had neuropathy, 50% of them had signs of ischemia and 80% had infection. Maximum number of patients (58.88%) presented with diabetic ulcers belonging to Class 2 of Wagners classification. The most commonly isolated P. aeruginosa was sensitive to colistin, imipenem and amikacin. Most diabetics with HbA1C levels >8, had mean antibiotic duration of 19.04±4.65 days.Conclusions: Prevention is the best treatment. Wagner’s classification helps in correlating appropriate treatment to proper grade of lesion with better outcome. Effective glycemic control and education are of key importance for decreasing diabetic foot disease.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.