Background: Earlier, the studies had an increased prevalence of previously diagnosed hypothyroidism in gallstone patient and recent studies also demonstrated low bile flow in hypothyroid subjects or the sphincter of oddi expresses thyroid hormone receptors and thyroxin has a direct prorelaxing effect on the sphincter. Iceberg of hypothyroidism was present in cholelithiasis patients. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of previously undiagnosed hypothyroidism in cholelithiasis patients.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the 500 consecutive patients with cholelithiasis between 1st October 2014 and 31st March 2016 to find relation between gallstone and hypothyroidism. Patients already diagnosed as hypothyroidism were excluded. In each patients, detailed history and clinical examination was done and sent for ultrasound of neck for goitre detection and laboratory Thyroid hormone assay (S-FT3, S-FT4 and S-TSH).Results: A total of 2.2%, 5.0% and 6.6% (total 13.8%, 69 of 500) of the cholelithiasis patients were diagnosed to have clinical, subclinical and borderline subclinical hypothyroidism. In women older than 50 year, the prevalence of clinical and subclinical plus borderline-hypothyroidism was 6.8% and 25.6% (11.7%±13.9%) and clinical plus subclinical plus borderline-subclinical hypothyroidism was 32.4% in cholelithiasis patients.Conclusions: Although a low prevalence of hypothyroidism was found in this study, but it is evident that subclinical and borderline subclinical hypothyroidism were significantly more common, compared with the clinical hypothyroidism and with increasing age there was increase in its prevalence, so we recommend that S-TSH level should be measured for every patient with cholelithiasis older than 50 years.
Background: De Quervain's tenosynovitis is a stenosing tenosynovitis of the first extensor compartment of wrist and leads to wrist pain and impaired function of wrist and hand. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of high resolution ultrasonography in diagnosing suspected cases of de Quervain’s tenosynovitis and also to evaluate the role of high resolution ultrasonography in detecting the anatomical variants of the first extensor compartment which are predisposing conditions for de Quervain’s tenosynovitis.Methods: A prospective study of 15 consecutive cases who were referred with clinical diagnosis of de Quervain`s disease was done with ultrasonography in the department of Radio-diagnosis and findings were carefully analysed.Results: Thickened extensor retinaculum over the first extensor compartment was found in all the cases. Mean thickness of the thickened retinaculum is 1.65 mm. In 60% of cases multiple slips of APL tendon were found.Conclusions: From the study, we conclude that extensor retinaculum thickening is a common finding in de Quervain`s disease.
Introduction: An accurate Gestational Age (GA) is a
BACKGROUND:Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among men more than fifty years of age (Cancer foundation of India). Imaging may help in clarifying several important issues in localized prostate cancer. MRI provides the best depiction of the contours of the prostate as well as its internal zonal anatomy. Recent evidence suggests that multi-parametric MRI could improve the accuracy of diagnostic assessment in prostate cancer. In addition, MRI also allows functional assessment with techniques such as diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI), MR spectroscopy (MRS), and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). Strong opinions are held about the need for endorectal coil imaging. Endorectal coils provide large gains in signal with reductions in noise, most noticeably at 1.5 T; however, endorectal coils are uncomfortable and expensive. At 3 T, the need for endorectal coils has been debated. Clearly, the highest-quality MRI results from the combined use of endorectal coils and phased array body coils at 3 T. Prostate cancer is associated with proportionately lower levels of citrate and higher levels of choline and creatine than are seen in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or in normal prostate tissue. This difference can be detected by magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). MRSI uses a strong magnetic field to obtain metabolic information (spectra) that identifies the relative concentrations of various metabolites in the cell cytoplasm and the extracellular space. This technique can identify metabolic differences in prostate tissue (BPH, prostate cancer, and normal prostate tissue).
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