The share of compound feeds for unproductive pets in the compound feed markets of the world is growingevery year. In Europe, decorative and songbird birds are the third largest pet population (cats and dogs being numbersone and two, pectively), according to FEDIAF data, with 51.87 million decorative birds in all of Europe (37.23 millionof those in the European Union) in 2019.Decorative and songbirds need complete feeding to maintain life and health. Today, owners of decorative andsongbirds have a wide range of ready-made food, which allows them to make the right choice of appropriate feedingregime for their pets. Analyzing the market of feed for decorative and songbirds, we saw that a significant part of it isimported feed, while the range of domestic feed in the Ukrainian market is very small and does not always meet marketrequirements and can not compete. However, the presented compound feeds can hardly be called complete, as they aremainly different types of feed mixtures, which include, depending on the price category, different types of components:from cereals and ending with different nuts and dried fruits.Compound feed should contain all the components necessary for energy production, growth, tissueregeneration, as well as to regulate metabolism. Complete feed for decorative and songbirds must contain a certainamount of all nutrients and biologically active substances. Factors such as age, general health, breeding season,growth, molting, housing conditions and even the season should also be considered.To date, there are a number of issues that need to improve our knowledge of the nutrient and biologicallyactive needs of each species of decorative and songbird, including the characteristics of feed materials, the amount ofenergy, digestibility of feed and the content of nutrients and biologically active substances.In this regard, it is necessary to study each class of nutrients and biologically active substances and features ofthe formation of compound feed recipes, taking into account the need for decorative and songbirds. To study in detailthe functional purpose of nutrients and biologically active substances, symptoms that occur in the body of decorativeand songbirds in their absence or excess in the feed, as well as their sources and minimum needs of birds duringreproduction, growth and maintenance of healthy birds.To meet the forage needs of decorative and songbirds when kept in captivity, one of the most effective methodsis to create complete feed by using innovative technologies (for example, in the form of crumbs or a blend of crumbsobtained by extrusion). This will provide an opportunity to meet both the behavioral and feeding needs of birds.
Конярство – це перспективна галузь тваринництва, яка займається розведенням і використанням коней в різних напрямках. Розвиток конярства передбачає пошук шляхів правильної годівлі, яка заснована на знанні анатомічних і фізіологічних особливостей коней. Для цього необхідно високоякісні комбікорми, вивчати вплив різних інгредієнтів, розробляти нові рецепти, які адаптовані під потреби різних видів коней. Так як головною умовою підвищення ефективності кормовиробництва є наявність сучасної кормової бази, яка дасть змогу розширити асортимент готової продукції. Удосконалити рецепти комбікормів для коней можна за рахунок введення нетрадиційних видів сировини та зменшення рівня використання зернової сировини, що сприятиме зниженню собівартості продукції. Розглянуто питання, щодо використання побічних продуктів консервної промисловості при виробництві комбікормів. Проведено хімічний склад та поживність свіжих яблучних вичавок, який свідчить про збагачення раціонів безазотистими екстрактивними речовинами, пектиновими речовинами, поліфенолами, а також незамінними амінокислотами, вітамінами і мінеральними елементами. У зв’язку з вищесказаним запропонована технологія виробництва екструдованої кормової добавки на основі подрібненого зерна ячменю і свіжих яблучних вичавок з подальшим її використанням у складі комбікормів-концентратів для коней, а також розглянуто хімічний склад екструдованої кормової добавки.
The oil and fat industry of Ukraine is one of the most powerful branches of the food industry, the development of which is of particular importance for assessing the country's food security. The screening showed that Ukraine occupies a leading position in the world market for the production of sunflower and sunflower oil, as well as the export of sunflower oil. The largest Ukrainian companies producing unrefined and refined sunflower oil are listed.The structural scheme of obtaining by-products, which are formed during the processing of oil crops, which have a rather high feed value and are used in feeding agricultural animals and poultry, is presented. Determining factors affecting the amount of by-products of vegetable oil production are characterized.Production of a high-protein feed additive based on sunflower meal, sunflower cake and mineral raw materials is proposed.A technological process scheme for the production of a high-protein feed additive has been developed, which provides for the following technological lines: a line for cleaning oilseeds; fall line of oilseeds; oil seed core pressing line; cake and meal preparation line; mineral raw material preparation line; dosage line; mixing line; granulation line.The production of the proposed high-protein feed additive in granulated form can be carried out at the existing oil processing enterprise in the meal granulation shop, which will make it possible to effectively use the by-products of sunflower oil production.
The article states that until 2022, Ukraine will occupy the first place in the world food market in the production of sunflower, sunflower oil and export of sunflower oil. The production of sunflower has always been sufficiently profitable, and the products of its processing competitive on the domestic and world markets. They are also an important component of food and feed protein resources. The production of complete ration compound feed for farm animals and poultry is restrained by a shortage of protein components, a low level of sanitary and hygienic safety of protein raw materials of animal origin. This leads to a decrease in the efficiency of feed, their costs and, as it should be, a shortage of livestock products. Cake and meal are high-protein raw materials, which are obtained in the amount of 1/3 of the mass of processed seeds during the production of sunflower oil. The fodder value of sunflower cake and meal is given. Factors that negatively affect the nutritional value and availability of nutrients of sunflower meal in the feed of farm animals and poultry were analyzed. The choice of components for the production of high-protein feed additive is theoretically justified. The indicators of the quality of sunflower seeds and by-products of their processing, which meet the requirements of DSTU, have been determined. On the basis of theoretical and experimental data, a structural scheme for the production of a high-protein feed supplement based on sunflower cake and meal is proposed, which involves the preliminary preparation of the by-products of sunflower oil production - cake and meal, with the following dosage in the amount: 75% sunflower meal, 10% sunflower cake and 15% limestone flour. The physical properties and microbiological indicators of the quality of a highprotein feed additive were experimentally determined, and it was determined that, compared to a loose, granular high-protein feed additive, it has the following advantages: increased nutritional value, has a greater volumetric weight, sanitary quality, which leads to saving space during transportation and better storage.
The article considers the benefits of growing salmon fish in ponds, pools, cages, as well as in lakes and reservoirs in comparison with natural conditions. The main countries producing salmon fish in the world are analyzed. The share in gross production in the world is about 48 %, and in Ukraine is about 7 %. The quality and nutritional value of salmon fish is confirmed by the high market price. The main countries producing salmon fish in the world are analyzed. The share in gross production in the world is about 48%, and in Ukraine it is about 7%. The quality and nutritional value of salmon fish is confirmed by the high market price. The relevance of salmon fish breeding is substantiated, it allows for a relatively short period of time (up to 2 years) to obtain fish with a market weight of up to 3.0 kg The state of salmon cultivation in Ukraine is considered, about 1,500 tons of salmon are marketed annually. The need for the production of compound feeds for salmon fish in relation to natural feed is substantiated. Compound feed expenses per 1 kg of salmon fish mass increase in relation to wild fish feed expenses are presented. The need for salmon fishes for nutrients and biologically active substances for the manufacture of nutritious compound feeds, due to the production of high quality salmon, is presented. The types of compound feeds, their advantages and saving of feeding are presented. Technological methods for the production of compound feeds for salmon fish are analyzed, such as dry or wet granulation, extrusion, briquetting, compound feed production by knurling, microencapsulation of granules and paste-like compound feeds. Ready-made feed should be balanced, waterresistant, have reduced fragility, feed costs for fish growth should be minimal and have increased fish productivity. All types of feed should be completely eaten by fish, absorbed as much as possible, not secrete dyes, not lead to liver obesity, provide fish with a balanced amount of nutritious and biologically active substances. The state of domestic feed mills for the production of high-quality feed for salmon fish is analyzed. Because of it, in order to the advent of new recipes and methods of feeding, the technology for the production of animal feed for these fish species is being improved.
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