A sequential phosphorus (P) fractionation procedure was used to measure the changes in the labile and stable forms of inorganic and organic P following single broadcast P applications to Canadian Chernozemic soils under cereal cropping. Apg1o-limately half of the fertilizer residues remained in plant-available foims (resin, NaHCor). In a Black waskada clay loam 8 yr after the application of 200 and 400 kg P ha-', residual fertilizer p consisted of resin-p, 3\ab%; HCI_P, 25_3OVo;res_ idue-P, lU-l1Vo; NaOH-P, l}-l1Vo, NaHCOT-p, l\Vo; and aggregate protected p, 3Vo.The residues in a Dark Brown Sutherland clay 5 yr after the application of 160 kg P ha-t were: resin-P, 35Zo; NaOH-p , 3040Vo; Nai{COr-p, rcn;gCl_p , USE\; Hrso4-P, 5vo; and aggregate protected p, 5vo. The soils differed in the quantity of fertilizer recovered in inorganic HCl-extractable forms. In the Sutherland soil-the change from wheat-fallow to continuous wheat cropping produced a build-up of organic P which occurred with and without the addition of p fertilizer. Stewart 1975Williams et al. 1967). Experiments to evaluate fertilizer P residues using plant uptake or extractable P in soils measure only the labile, plantavailable soil P pool and do not document the fate of all the applied P. A more complete assessment of residual P in soils would include all soil P pools, as transformations among these pools may alter the long-term availability of fertilizer P residues.The purpose of the present work was to build upon previous studies which documented the effect that large applications of fertilizer P had on grain yield and labile inorganic P pools in Chernozemic soils (Bailey etal. 1977;Read et al. 1973 Read et al. ,1977Spratt et al. 1980 (Bailey et al. 1977;Read et al. 1973 Read et al. , 1977 0' 20' 40' 80 and I 60 kg P ha-' to a Sutherland soil. The field plan, yields and nutrient uptake of this study have been described previously (Wager et al' 1986). The location, classification and characteristics of the soils used in this study were obtained from Read et al. (1977) and Souster (1979 0-, 20-, 40-,80-and 160-kg P ha-' treatments was analyzed individually to allow for statistical interpretation. Phosphorus FractionationIn this procedure (Fig. l), labile inorganic P (P,) and organic P (P.) forms are removed first, followed by more stable P forms removed with stronger extracting agents (Hedley et al. 1982
. 1986. Comparison of single large broadcast and small annual seed-placed phosphorus treatments on yield and phosphorus and zinc contents of wheat on Chernozemic soils. Can. J. Soil Sci. 66:237-248.Yield and P and Zn contents of wheat from plots on a Dark Brown Chernozemic clay soil which received single broadcast P applications and annual seed-placed P applications were compared in a 6-yr study. Broadcast P applications of20, 40, 80 and 160 kg P hs-, increased the average yield by 9, 24, 33 and 35Vo, respectively.Yearly seed-placed P treatments of 2.5,5, 10 and 20 kg P ha-'applied over the first 5 yr of the study increased the average yield by 10, 15, 24 and29Vo,tively. The broadcast application of 40 kg P ha-r increased yields over 5 yr and had an average yield and P uptake similar to that of the annual seed-placed applications of l0 and 20 kg P ha-'. Broadcasting 80 and 160 kg P h6-t increased yields over 6 yr. Soil levels of extractable NaHCO,-P, indicated future increases may occur.Yields from plots receiving consecutive seed-placed P treatments significantly benefited from the P residues of previous seed-placed applications. Plant zinc concentration was significantly reduced by the broadcast application of 160 kg P ha-r and the seed-placed application of 20 kg P ha-r.Key words: Broadcast P, seed-placed P, residual P,P-Zn interaction
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