A361spirometry, BDR and FeNO testing. Where diagnostic uncertainty remained, individuals would then undergo PEF and finally MCT testing. This strategy dominated other strategies that did not utilise MCT, producing higher health outcomes at a lower cost to the health service. Two strategies that made more individuals undergo MCT were not cost-effective at the threshold with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of £20,276 and £32,565 per/QALY respectively. Although assumptions were made relating to conditional dependence and the consequences of false diagnoses, the model's results were found to be robust to significant changes in these and other uncertain parameters. ConClusions: These findings highlight the need for thorough objective testing for diagnosing asthma as doing so has the potential to improve health outcomes whilst reducing costs to the health service.
Time to perform 7 clearly pre-specified tasks was recorded by trained observers using a stopwatch. Time of day measurements for subject time in GP surgery and vaccination room as well as consumables usage was collected. Time for tasks before vaccination day was obtained from opinion. A total 123 processes were observed (approximately 20 by site, equally distributed across visits 1 to 4). Analyses were run by site and pooled across sites using a random intercept model. Published 2014 PSSRU data were used to transfer HCP time into cost. Results: Mean HCP time for a vaccination process (including a mean 2.75 vaccine doses) was 9.5min (95% CI: 7.7-11.3); site range: 7.0-11.3min. Associated cost (90% practice nurse, 10% support staff) was £6.2; range: £4.7-£7.7. Mean time for a single oral and intramuscular vaccine administration was 1.0 and 0.4min, respectively. Mean time for a single vaccine reconstitution was 0.8min. Mean time in GP surgery was 23.9min (95% CI: 19.2-28.5), of which 8.4min in vaccination room (95% CI: 5.5-11.2). When including average supplies cost (£0.27), as well as an estimated 10.1 minutes per vaccination process prior to vaccination day (£5.5), total estimated cost per visit was £12.0. ConClusions: Paediatric vaccination requires substantial resources, including staff, facility, and parental time. Potential changes in the vaccination schedule would have an impact on associated time and cost and the vaccination unit's capacity to managing subjects.
ReseaRch podium pResentations -session ii cost-effectiveness studies ce1Basal insulin Regimens: systematic Review, netwoRk meta-analysis, and cost -utility analysis foR the national institute foR health and caRe excellence (nice) clinical guideline on type 1 diaBetes mellitus in adults
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.