Plasma levels of diazepam and N-desmethyldiazepam were investigated in 19 children by a gas chromatographic method permitting the use of capillary sample. Intravenous administration was studied in 3 children and the plasma level curves showed a rapid decline during the first hour. Absorption and elimination after rectal administration of a solution in 16 children were similar to those after intramuscular administration. Diazepam given by suppository to 5 children gave much lower plasma levels and delayed time to peak levels. Recurrence of seizures in 2 children indicated that the anticonvulsants plasma level was of the order of 150 to 200 mug/liter. No significant side effects were observed. Thus rectal administration of a solution of diazepam is a practical method to arrest convulsions in children.
Summary1. Newborn, full‐term mice were subjected to exposures in 98–100 per cent oxygen,(a) intermittently, (b)continuously, or (c)for five days followed by rapid transfer to, and stay in, normal atmosphere. The development of the eyes was followed histologically for 38, 16, and 15 days after birth, respectively.2. Intermittent exposures to oxygen caused a high frequency of persistence, proliferation and dilatation of the retrolental hyaloid vessels with hemorrhages in the primary vitreous body. Eetinal folds were occasionally found.3. Continuous exposures to oxygen caused a persistence and proliferation of the retrolental hyaloid vessels and a retarded formation of retinal vessels. Small intraocular blecdings occurred occasionally.4. Continuous exposures to oxygen followed by rapid transfer to, and stay in, normal atniosphere caused a dilatation and a progressive proliferation of the retrolental hyaloid vessels and of retinal vessels with capillary buddings from the retinal vessels into the vitreous body. Hemorrhages from both retinal and hyaloid vessels occurred frequently. The retina showed progressive irregularities, proliferations and foldings.5. netinal atrophy after longer periods of observation since the transfer from oxygen to normal air is preliminarily reported.6. The experimental changes of the eyes after oxygen exposures are discussed with regard to the patliogenesis of human retrolental fibroplasia.
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