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Promoter CpG island hypermethylation is an important carcinogenic event in prostate adenocarcinoma. Regardless of tissue type, human cancers have in common both focal CpG island hypermethylation and global genomic hypomethylation. The present study evaluated CpG island loci hypermethylation and LINE-1 and Alu repeat hypomethylation in prostate adenocarcinoma, analysed the relationship between them, and correlated these findings with clinicopathological features. We examined 179 cases of prostate adenocarcinoma and 30 cases of benign prostate hypertrophy for the methylation status of 22 CpG island loci and the methylation levels of LINE-1 and Alu repeats using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and combined bisulphite restriction analysis, respectively. The following 16 CpG island loci were found to display cancer-related hypermethylation: RASSF1A, GSTP1, RARB, TNFRSF10C, APC, BCL2, MDR1, ASC, TIG1, RBP1, COX2, THBS1, TNFRSF10D, CD44, p16, and RUNX3. Except for the last four CpG island loci, hypermethylation of each of the remaining 12 CpG island loci displayed a close association with one or more of the prognostic parameters (ie preoperative serum prostate specific antigen level, Gleason score sum, and clinical stage). Prostate adenocarcinoma with hypermethylation of each of ASC, COX2, RARB, TNFRSF10C, MDR1, TIG1, RBP1, NEUROG1, RASSF1A, and GSTP1 showed a significantly lower methylation level of Alu or LINE-1 than prostate adenocarcinoma without hypermethylation. In addition, hypomethylation of Alu or LINE-1 was closely associated with one or more of the above prognostic parameters. These data suggest that in tumour progression a close relationship exists between CpG island hypermethylation and the hypomethylation of repetitive elements, and that CpG island hypermethylation and DNA hypomethylation contribute to cancer progression.

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We report measurements of branching fractions of τ lepton decays to final states with a K 0 S meson using a 669 fb −1 data sample accumulated with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e þ e − collider. The inclusive branching fraction is measured to bewhere the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. For each mode, the accuracy is improved over that of pre-B-factory measurements by a factor ranging from five to ten. In τ − → π − K 0 S K 0 S π 0 ν τ decays, clear signals for the intermediate states τ − → π − f 1 ð1285Þν τ and τ − → K Ã− K 0 S π 0 ν τ are observed.

Clinicians sometimes experience treatment failure in the initial empirical antibiotics treatment using cephalosporins in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Enterococcus, which is intrinsically resistant to cephalosporins, may be one of the causes of treatment failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical importance and the clinical characteristics of spontaneous enterococcal peritonitis (SEP). This was a retrospective cohort study of 359 patients with SBP treated in a single tertiary care center in South Korea from January 2000 through December 2004. We evaluated the clinical manifestation and the treatment results of SBP patients with enterococci identified from ascites culture. During the observation period, 13 of 359 patients (3.6%) diagnosed with culture-positive SBP had enterococcal peritonitis. For the initial empirical treatment, third-generation cephalosporins were administered to the 13 patients, ten of whom (76.9%) did not improve in the first 48 h. An in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test showed that the identified enterococci were susceptible to ampicillin plus gentamycin in eight patients (61.5%) and there was no vancomycin-resistant enterococcus. Although antibiotics were changed to antienterococcal antibiotics in 11 patients, only five patients improved. As a result, eight of the 13 patients (61.5%) with enterococcal SBP died during the observation period, and the one-month mortality was significantly higher from enterococcal SBP than from nonenterococcal SBP (P = 0.038). We conclude that enterococcal SBP has poor prognosis and it is reasonable to use antienterococcal antibiotics when enterococcus is identified from ascites culture of patients with liver cirrhosis.

We present measurements of the masses and decay widths of the baryonic states Σ c ð2455Þ 0=þþ and Σ c ð2520Þ 0=þþ using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 711 fb −1 collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB e þ e − asymmetric-energy collider operating at the ϒð4SÞ resonance. We report the mass differences with respect to the Λ þ c baryon MðΣ c ð2455Þ 0 Þ − MðΛ þ c Þ ¼ 167.29 AE 0.01 AE 0.02 MeV=c 2 ; MðΣ c ð2455Þ þþ Þ − MðΛ þ c Þ ¼ 167.51 AE 0.01 AE 0.02 MeV=c 2 ; MðΣ c ð2520Þ 0 Þ − MðΛ þ c Þ ¼ 231.98 AE 0.11 AE 0.04 MeV=c 2 ; MðΣ c ð2520Þ þþ Þ − MðΛ þ c Þ ¼ 231.99 AE 0.10 AE 0.02 MeV=c 2 ; and the decay widths ΓðΣ c ð2455Þ 0 Þ ¼ 1.76 AE 0.04 þ0.09 −0.21 MeV=c 2 ; ΓðΣ c ð2455Þ þþ Þ ¼ 1.84 AE 0.04 þ0.07 −0.20 MeV=c 2 ; ΓðΣ c ð2520Þ 0 Þ ¼ 15.41 AE 0.41 þ0.20 −0.32 MeV=c 2 ; ΓðΣ c ð2520Þ þþ Þ ¼ 14.77 AE 0.25 þ0.18 −0.30 MeV=c 2 ; S.-H. LEE et al. PHYSICAL REVIEW D 89, 091102(R) (2014) 091102-2 RAPID COMMUNICATIONS where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. The isospin mass splittings are measured to be MðΣ c ð2455Þ þþ Þ − MðΣ c ð2455Þ 0 Þ ¼ 0.22 AE 0.01 AE 0.01 MeV=c 2 and MðΣ c ð2520Þ þþ Þ− MðΣ c ð2520Þ 0 Þ ¼ 0.01 AE 0.15 AE 0.03 MeV=c 2. These results are the most precise to date.

Thermoelectric power (TEP) of high-T C superconductors has been investigated in a wide range of temperature (T C < T < 700 K) for La 2−x Sr x CuO 4 . TEP of La 2−x Sr x CuO 4 shows different temperature dependences in three temperature regions. In the low-temperature region, a positive broad TEP peak is observed near T p , which shifts to lower temperature upon doping. As temperature increases, TEP decreases linearly at intermediate temperature.In the high-temperature region, TEP deviates from the linear temperature dependence at a certain temperature, T h showing a saturation behavior. As the doping concentration increases, the characteristic temperatures, T C , T p , and T h , show systematic changes. In comparison with pseudogap temperature estimated from other experiments, the large pseudogap behavior in TEP at high temperature has been discussed and distinguished from the small pseudogap observed at lower temperature. A possibility of bound pairs formation in the normal state opening the pseudogap at high temperature is discussed briefly. The coexistence of bound pairs and the normal independent carriers for T C < T < T h could be the origin of the intrinsic inhomogeneity.