The oral health habits of adolescents in Vitoria (Gasteiz) show deficiencies that could be corrected through Health Education Programmes and promotion of the use of preventive dental services.
Prevalencia de hábitos orales infantiles y su influencia en la dentición temporal Objectives: to assess the prevalence of anomalous oral habits and the influence of nonnutritive (pacifier and digit) sucking habits on primary dentition in a sample of preschool-age children. Materials and methods: design: cross-sectional, descriptive, observational epidemiological study; location: three schools of the Basque Country; participants: 225 children of ages ranging from two to six years with fully erupted primary teeth. Main measurements: the data were obtained through a habit questionnaire given to the parents, and clinical examinations performed on the children during which occlusal abnormalities such as anterior open bites, increased overjets and posterior crossbites were recorded. Results: the prevalence of deleterious oral habits in the studied sample of children was very high (90.7%). Nonnutritive sucking habits (of pacifier, digits) were shown to be the most frequent among them (85.3%). We found a significant increase in the studied malocclusions when the sucking habit persisted. Conclusions: nonnutritive sucking habits influence the development of teeth, and therefore we recommend that such habits be discontinued early (before two years of age) to prevent the development of dental malocclusions. Objetivo: conocer en una muestra de niños preescolares la prevalencia de los hábitos orales anómalos y la influencia de los de succión no nutritiva (chupete y dedo) en la dentición temporal. Material y métodos: diseño: estudio epidemiológico observacional descriptivo de tipo transversal; emplazamiento: tres colegios del País Vasco; participantes: 225 niños de edades comprendidas entre los dos y los seis años, con dentición temporal completamente erupcionada. Mediciones principales: los datos se han obtenido mediante un cuestionario de hábitos dirigido a los padres y las exploraciones clínicas realizadas a los niños, registrando la presencia de alteraciones de la oclusión, como mordida abierta anterior, aumento del resalte y mordida cruzada posterior. Resultados: la prevalencia de hábitos orales nocivos en el conjunto de niños estudiados ha sido muy alta (90,7%). Los hábitos de succión no nutritiva (chupete, dedo) han resultado ser los más frecuentes (85,3%). Hemos encontrado un aumento significativo de las maloclusiones estudiadas cuando el hábito de succión se mantenía. Conclusiones: los hábitos de succión no nutritiva influyen en el desarrollo de la dentición, por lo que se recomienda un abandono temprano de los mismos (antes de los dos años) para prevenir la aparición de maloclusiones dentales.
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