Nine swine slaughter plants and 19 swine production units were randomly selected for sampling from the six highest swine-producing states representing a total of 64% of the United States swine production. Three composites of 10 fresh swine fecal samples were obtained from each slaughter plant, representing three different farm sources of swine. Two composite fecal samples were collected from two different production pens from each production unit. Samples were analyzed for salmonellae. Isolated salmonellae were biochemically and serologically iden
Objective: This article compares the results from a recent pressure ulcer (PU) prevalence audit at the Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (SKMC) hospital in Abu Dhabi to identify the impact of new prevention initiatives introduced around 2013 and establish the effectiveness of PU prevention strategies, judged quality of nursing care, and costs associated with patients developing a hospital-acquired pressure ulcer (HAPU). Method: The methods used were based on a previous point prevalence study involving 441 acute care patients, who were assessed using the International Pressure Ulcer Prevalence (IPUP) Survey. Following pre-selection of a 24-hour period for data capture, hospital staff collected PU data. Hill-Rom provided SKMC with an electronic report comprising various epidemiological and financial outputs. Results: PU prevalence was 10.4% in 2018 versus 6.4% in 2013. The 2018 HAPU prevalence was 1.8% versus 2% in 2013. The 2018 findings were in line with IPUP's international benchmarks. In 2018, 99% of patients had their skin assessed and PU risk documented within 24 hours of admission, leading to rapid implementation of a prevention care plan. Most patients who developed a HAPU (n=8) were female (62%) and aged 20–29 years old (25%) or 70–79 years old (25%). All HAPU patients lay on three layers of linen, most on their side (88%) and 75% were hospitalised for >30 days. Costs were estimated for the eight HAPU patients; weighted average cost (per case) was around US$8035.32, giving a total estimated cost of US$64,282.54. Total annual cost (average length of stay basis) for the eight patients was estimated at US$1,830,082.32. Conclusion: The PU prevention plan at SKMC proved to be effective, reflected by a low HAPU prevalence rate, suggesting an excellent quality of patient care.
This study assessed the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory potency of the hydro-ethanol extract and fractions from Hedranthera barteri leaf. Column chromatography of the crude extracts, practical acute toxicity testing and fixed dose procedures were carried out. Effects of the extracts on nociception were assessed by tail immersion test in rats, formalin-induced paw licking in rats and acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. The effect of the extracts on inflammation was assessed by carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats. The hydro-ethanol extracts of Hedranthera barteri reduced nociception and inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. SNG 1, SNG 2 and SNG 3 were separated from the ethanol fractions. The spectra of the compound suggest the presence of a fatty compound, β-sitosterol, as an anti-nociceptive and antiinflammatory compound that may be present in the leaf of the plant.
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