The article reviews the problem of landing on hard-to-reach and poorly developed territories, especially in the case of unmanned aerial vehicles. Various landing systems and approaches are analyzed, and their key advantages and disadvantages are summarized; afterwards, an approach with passive reflectors is considered. A formal definition is provided for the main factors relative to the accuracy analysis, and a model is presented. The way to improve the landing procedure, while simultaneously meeting various practical constraints, is analyzed; the results of numerical simulation are presented, followed by the detailed conclusion describing still remaining challenges and subjects for further research.
Акционерное общество «Концерн радиостроения «Вега», 121170, г. Москва, Кутузовский пр-т, д. 34 Статья поступила в редакцию 16 октября 2018 г. Аннотация. Рассмотрены особенности многоцелевого сопровождения наземных объектов естественного и искусственного происхождения в когерентных и некогерентных РЛС воздушного базирования. Показано, что одновременное непрерывное формирование текущих оценок координат наземных целей, используемых в процедурах навигации и прицеливания, должно осуществляться с учётом решаемых носителем задач, используемых средств поражения, особенностей вариантов обзора земной поверхности, типов целей, особенностей радиолокационного контраста, наличия или отсутствия целеуказаний от систем более высокого уровня иерархии. Оценена роль оператора при решении задач многоцелевого сопровождения. Кратко охарактеризованы особенности всех основных этапов сопровождения наземных объектов: формирования первичных измерений, завязки траекторий, идентификации измерений, экстраполяции и фильтрации (коррекции результатов экстраполяции по идентифицированным измерениям), сброса траекторий. Ключевые слова: наземные цели, радиолокационные ориентиры, многоцелевое сопровождение, реальный луч, синтезирование апертуры антенны.Abstract. The features of multi-target tracking of ground objects of natural and artificial origin in coherent and non-coherent air-based radars are considered. It is shown that concurrent continuous formation of the current estimates of the coordinates of ground targets used in the navigation and aiming procedures should be carried out taking into account carrier's mission, munition used, mode of ground ЖУРНАЛ РАДИОЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ, ISSN 1684-1719, N10, 2018 2 surface monitoring, types of the targets, radar contrast, presence or absence of target indications from the systems of a higher level of hierarchy. Carrier's mission determines whether the mode of operation of the radar should be coherent or noncoherent. Advantages of using coherent mode of the radar are evaluated. Munition in addition to the mode determines working coordinates and accuracy requirements. Modes of ground surface monitoring used for different types of targets dictate radically different types of radar images and corresponding processing logic. The role of the operator in solving the problems of multi-target tracking is evaluated. The features of all the major stages of the tracking of ground objects are summarized: formation of primary measurements, track initiation, measurement identification, extrapolation and filtration (correction of extrapolation results by identified measurements), track reset.
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