This study showed no statistically significant difference in the duration of post-operative analgesia between the supraclavicular and interscalene blocks. However, the supraclavicular block was associated with a lower incidence of diaphragmatic paresis compared with that of the interscalene block after shoulder surgery.

Commission V, WG V/4KEY WORDS: Coastline Length, Natural coastline, Vertex Interval, Consistent, Generalization, National policy ABSTRACT:Coastline extraction and decision have important implications for efficient land management and national policy formulation. However, coastlines extracted without certain criteria are difficult to obtain consistent results for the same region, and therefore, have a lot of restrictions on land management and application. For example, in some South Korea coastlines surveyed in this study, it was confirmed that there is a large difference in coastline lengths calculated for the same area depending on how the vertex interval is set. In this study, we propose and discuss the guidelines to enable consistent and accurate coastline extraction for the same area. The consistency of coastline output can be ensured only by the coastline calculation method using vertex interval criterion considering regional and coastline characteristics. This research content is expected to contribute to efficient land management and national policy establishment and progress.

Background: Performing spinal anaesthesia using the conventional popping method with a 27-gauge (27G) spinal needle is technically difficult. In this study, we compared the aspiration and conventional popping method for spinal anaesthesia using 27G Quincke-type needles. Methods: This prospective, randomized study enrolled 90 patients, aged 19 to 65 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III, who were undergoing spinal anaesthesia. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups using a computer-generated random number table: patients receiving spinal anaesthesia using the aspiration method, in which the needle is advanced with continuous aspiration, or the conventional popping method. The primary outcome measure was the success rate of the first attempt to perform dural puncture. Number of attempts and passages, withdrawal cases, successful attempt time, total procedure time, and actual depth of dural puncture were recorded.Results: Eighty-eight patients were included in the study. In the aspiration group, the success rate of first attempt for dural puncture was 93.3%, compared with 72.1% in the popping group (P = 0.019). Success involving needle withdrawal was recorded in 4 (8.9%) patients in the aspiration group and 13 (30.2%) in the popping group (P = 0.024). In the popping group, the number of attempts was significantly higher (P = 0.044), and total procedure time was significantly longer (P = 0.023). Actual depths of dural puncture were deeper in the popping group than in the aspiration group (P = 0.019). Conclusions:The aspiration method using a 27G Quincke-type needle offers clinical benefits for dural puncture compared with the conventional popping method for spinal anaesthesia. Trial registration: Clinical research information service number: KCT0002815, registered 21/Apr/2018. Retrospectively registered.