Background-Nitric oxide (NO) has been recently implicated as a possible mediator of bowel inflammation and has also been shown to stimulate electrogenic chloride secretion in rat and guinea pig intestine. This study therefore investigated the effect on two NO donors, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) on human colonic ion transport. Methods-Changes in short circuit current (ASCC) in response to nitric oxide donating compounds were measured in muscle stripped normal human colon mounted in Ussing chambers. The ion species and intracellular mechanisms responsible for
Introduction:
The harmful effects of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the gastric mucosa and the prophylactic effects of misoprostol are both dose‐dependent.
Aim:
To investigate whether a low‐dose of misoprostol is sufficient to prevent gastric mucosal injury caused by low‐dose aspirin.
Methods:
We conducted a double‐blind placebo controlled parallel group endoscopic study in 32 evaluable volunteers. The main outcome measure was erosive injury (ulcers and superficial erosions) in the gastric mucosa over 28 days.
Results:
Most subjects developed erosions on aspirin 300 mg daily. This was significantly reduced by misoprostol 100 μg daily. (Odds ratio 0.18, 95% CI: 0.07–0.48). There were no drug‐related or gastrointestinal adverse events in subjects receiving misoprostol.
Conclusion:
Misoprostol 100 μg daily can prevent low‐dose aspirin induced gastric mucosal injury without causing identifiable adverse effects.
Background-Acid stable basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) promotes angiogenesis and healing of gastric ulcers in rats and reduces subsequent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) induced relapse. Aims-To test in a double blind, placebo controlled, three way crossover study whether bFGF promotes healing and reduces subsequent relapse in a human model of gastric ulceration. Subjects-Twelve healthy volunteers. Methods-Subjects took aspirin 900 mg twice daily (days 1-3) with bFGF 01 mg twice daily or cimetidine 400 mg twice daily or placebo (days 1-14) and then indomethacin 50 mg thrice daily (days 15-21). Endoscopy was performed on days 1, 4, 8, 15, and 22 during each treatment period. Eight antral biopsy specimens were taken on day 1 and the number of unhealed biopsy induced mini-ulcers and NSAID induced erosions counted during subsequent endoscopies. Results-Basic FGF and cimetidine were protective against aspirin and indomethacin induced duodenal (but not gastric) injury compared with placebo. There was significant relapse of biopsy induced mini-ulcers after indomethacin only in the placebo group (0 (0-0) before v 1 (0-45) after; p>0'05). TGP-580 was detected in serum of one volunteer.Conclusions-Healing with bFGF (and cimetidine) was associated with reduced NSAID induced ulcer replapse in this model of gastric ulceration.
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