Morphological studies of the parathyroid glands from adult Mongolian gerbils in which hyper‐calcaemia had been induced by thyroidectomy and calcium injections for 2–19 days were carried out. The potassium pyro‐antimonate technique and subsequent X‐ray analysis of the precipitates were used for ultrastructural localization of cations. Ultrastructurally, most (suppressed) chief cells exhibited a dense cytoplasm, medium‐sized or large mitochondria, glycogen particles, inconspicuous endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, calcium‐containing precipitates mainly in mitochondria and nuclei, and sometimes also lysosomal bodies and accumulations of secretory granules which occasionally seemed to be discharged into cytoplasmic vacuoles. A few parenchymal cells showed a low cytoplasmic density, few organelles, and structurally altered mitochondria, occasionally with associated smooth‐surfaced vacuoles. These cells possessed calcium‐containing precipitates in mitochondria, smooth‐surfaced vacuoles, and also diffusely in the cytosol. It is concluded that, in the main part of the parenchymal cells, the hypercalcaemia had resulted in a suppression primarily of the synthetic and later also of the secretory activity, and that the calcium‐containing precipitation is different in the chief cell variants.
We investigated retrospectively 91 patients with prostatic carcinoma diagnosed cytologically between 1978 and 1979. Of the patients 57 had no metastases (M0) at presentation. The majority of the patients without metastases had well or moderately well differentiated carcinoma. Of 18 patients with poorly differentiated carcinoma 17 had metastases at presentation. The patients without metastases were left untreated, while those with metastases received active antitumor treatment. Local progression and/or development of metastases during surveillance occurred in 24 patients (42 per cent) and antitumor treatment was initiated. Mean observation time in the group untreated throughout observation was 47 months. Mean interval to progression in the patients treated subsequently was 31 months. In the surveillance group no difference in mean interval to progression, frequency of local progression, development of metastases or death rate of prostatic carcinoma was found when the patients with initially well and moderately well differentiated carcinoma were compared. Therefore, in our study initial cytological grade failed to predict a difference in progression in patients with well and moderately well differentiated prostatic carcinoma. Since almost all patients with poorly differentiated carcinoma had metastases at presentation a poor differentiation seems to predict a worse prognosis compared to well and moderately well differentiated tumors.
Various congenital malformations of the testis and the seminal pathways are illustrated by 10 cases. Though these malformations are often free from symptoms, an increasing number of them are now being discovered in connection with investigations of male infertility. In cases of azoospermia where testicular biopsies show complete spermatogenesis, surgical exploration is indicated. Some of these malformations may then be treated by surgery, with fairly good prospects of restored fertility.
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