A B S T R A C TThis study investigated the comparative phytotoxcity effect of heavy metal contamination on Jatropha curcas, Jatropha gossypifolia and Jatropha multifida in contaminated soil from a dump site in Ibadan Nigeria. Seeds of J. curcas, J. gossypifolia and J. multifida were planted in a germination tray and later transplanted into polythene pots filled with 2kg of either control soil or heavy metal contaminated soil, a 3 × 2 factorial experiment laid out in complete randomized design (CRD) replicated four times was adopted; treatments imposed include T1 -J. curcas/Control Soil, T2 -J. gossypifolia/Control Soil, T3 -J. multifida/Control Soil, T4 -J. curcas/Contaminated soil, T5 -J. gossypifolia/Contaminated Soil, and T6 -J. multifida/Contaminated Soil. Weekly variation in growth parameters: the plant height, leave production and stem diameter were measured over the course of 12 weeks. The growth parameters were dependent on a combination of both specie type and level of heavy metal contamination of soil. J. multifida (T3) (36.93cm) performed best, comparable with J. gossypifolia (T2) (34.1cm) after 12 weeks while J. multifida (T6) had the lowest mean plant height (7.23cm) which is not significantly (p<0.05) different from other species on the contaminated soil; for leave production, J. gossypifolia (T2) produced the highest mean number of leaves (9.67) which is comparable with J. multifida (T3) (9.00) and less so with J. curcas (T1) (6.67) with significant leave losses on the contaminated soils after 12 weeks; variation in stem diameter shows that J. curcas (T1) had the highest stem girth (1.96 mm) which is comparable to the value obtained for J. curcas (T4) (1.95mm), while J. multifida (T6) had the lowest stem girth (1.09 mm). J. gossypifolia (T2) and J. multifida (T3) had comparable stem girth of 1.57mm and 1.47mm respectively. Toxicity of heavy metals in the contaminated soil greatly affect the growth parameters of the Jatropha.
Aims: Selection of suitable soil amendment is a very crucial attempt for improving seedling production and growth of Massularia acuminata as a forest nursery plants on a sustainable basis can be enhanced over a given period of time. Study Design: Comparative effects of different organic manures on the seedlings growth of Massularia acuminate. Place and Duration of Study: Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, between February, 2019 and August 2019. Methodology: Various concentrations of different types of organic manures; poultry manure, cow dung and horse dung were mixed with the topsoil separately to raise the seedlings of Massularia acuminata, comparative seedlings height growth, the stem diameter growth and the number of leaves per seedlings were examined to determine the development of the seedlings. Results: The results revealed that, organic manure application generally enhanced the growth of the seedlings, improved seedlings height, number of leaves and collar diameter. Also, with increasing rate of application of organic manures from 0 g to 50 g per seedlings, all seedlings growth parameters were improved. 10 g and 30 g manure had significant effects on plant growth with seedlings height 15.29 cm and 15.10 cm, number of leaves per seedlings (19.80 and 19.43) and collar diameter (6.58 mm and 6.57 mm) with Q2 and Q3 respectively as compared with the control (5.18 mm). Highest seedling growth was observed in poultry application with seedlings height 14.42 cm, number of leaves (19.63) and collar diameter (6.31 mm). Conclusion: The use of poultry manure and cattle dung at increased concentrations of 10 g and 30 g are recommended to be beneficial for sustainable healthy seedling production.
Dialium guineense is an important medicinal plant used in fighting diverse diseases because of the presence of vitamin c it contains. This study is aimed at varying the vitamin composition of Dialium guineense fruit pulp obtained from four accessions from different geopolitical locations (South-West, South-South, SouthEast , North-Central) in Nigeria. Different vitamins were considered which includes; Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C and Vitamin E. The vitamin composition of D. guineense fruit pulp were done according to the standard biochemical method. The result obtained for all the four accessions shows varying quantities in the vitamins investigated. Vitamin C has the highest amount in varying quantities with the trend:
Seeds are highly important part of living things, without which life would not exist. All of our daily necessities are totally dependent on seed and seed stock, like food and fruits, so also is many of the natural resources that we use as consumers such as, timber, cotton, paper, essential\edible oils, all which started their live as seeds. Basically, a seed consists of a tiny underdeveloped plant, the embryo, which is enclosed by a covering called the seed coat. Germination of seed occurs when the embryo grows into a functioning plant. It involves the rejuvenation of the metabolic pathways that lead to growth and the emergence of the radicle (root) and plumule (shoot). For germination to occur, three basic factors must exist, the seed must be viable, dormancy must be controlled and the proper environmental conditions for germination must be available. Dormancy simply means the inability of seeds to germinate even when the necessary environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, oxygen, and light) are favorable for germination. Dormancy is a principal factor restricting the production of crops. Several physical and chemical pretreatments can be applied to the organic material (seeds) to control dormancy. This review discusses the conditions necessary for germination and the fundamental factors necessary for breaking dormancy.
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