Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is a polyphagous fungus responsible for root rots of many cultivated crops. In Morocco, the fungus is responsible of important damages on sugar beet crop mainly in the Doukkala region. The aim of our study was to evaluate the antagonistic potential in vitro and in vivo of 191 bacterial isolates isolated from Moroccan soils and a bacterial strain from the laboratory collection Bacillus amyloliquefaciens referenced as I3, in the control of Sclerotium rolfsii. 14 of bacterial isolates showed antifungal activity against Sclerotium rolfsii. Isolates referenced as O4, E10 and E7 were the most efficient in vitro tests with an inhibition rate of the mycelial growth of Sclerotium rolfsii of 98.16%, 96.22% and 87.81%, respectively. The inhibition of sclerotia germination in soil by the bacterial suspensions varied from 85% to 95% for the aforementioned 3 isolates. The antifungal activity of the bacterial culture filtrates at proportions [1/2]; [1/3]; [1/4]; [1/10] ([Filtrate Volume /PDA Volume]) showed the ability of these bacteria to produce secondary metabolites capable of inhibiting Sclerotium rolfsii mycelial growth and sclerotia germination with inhibition percentages ranging from 30. 62% to 98.93% for mycelial inhibition and from 44.69% to 98.75% for sclerotia inhibition for isolate O4. The in vivo tests were performed by bacterization of seeds and the evaluation was done on 15 days old chickpea seedlings, statistical analysis revealed a very highly significant difference (p<0.05) between the isolates. Disease incidence was 7.5% with the T-O4 bacterized seeds and disease severity 30 days after inoculation was 20% for the most effective T-O4 treatment while the T control treatment had a severity of 89%. The isolates, isolated from Moroccan soils have shown their ability to inhibit Sclerotium rolfsii especially isolates O4 and E10.
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