Background. In recent decades, Ukraine has been experiencing abnormally high temperatures and droughts in different seasons, including autumn. This creates stressful conditions for winter cereals, especially wheat, at the very beginning of ontogeny. A comprehensive study of the functioning of antioxidant and osmoprotective systems in the early stages of development for wheat varieties of different ecological and geographical origins has not been conducted yet. This study aimed to investigate the effect of heat stress on the growth of etiolated seedlings of seven varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and the indicators characterizing the functioning of antioxidant and osmoprotective systems. Materials and Methods. Wheat grains of different varieties were germinated at 24 °C for three days in the dark. Subsequently, they were subjected to 4 h of heating at 45 °C in an air thermostat. Immediately after stress, the generation of superoxide anion radical (O2•‒) by seedlings, the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation (LPO) products, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activity, and also proline and soluble carbohydrates were analyzed. One day after heating, the relative inhibition of shoot and root growth was determined. Results and Discussion. The Antonivka and Tobak varieties demonstrated the highest ability to maintain growth after exposure to high temperatures; the Darynka Kyivska and Lira Odeska varieties were medium resistant. In the Doskonala, Bogdana and Avgustina varieties, a strong inhibition of shoot and root growth after heat stress was noted. In Antonivka, after high-temperature exposure, the O2•‒ generation increased slightly, while the content of H2O2 and LPO products did not change. In Tobak, Darynka Kyivska and Lira Odeska, the stress-induced increase in ROS formation and accumulation of LPO products was moderate. The hyperthermia-sensitive Doskonala, Bogdana and Avgustina showed a significant development of oxidative stress. Heat-resistant varieties had high catalase activity and increased total soluble carbohydrate content under heat stress. After exposure to high temperature, the proline content increased in all studied varieties, but no positive correlation was recorded between its amount and their heat resistance. Likewise, no significant correlation was found between the guaiacol peroxidase activity and the ability of varieties to maintain growth after heat stress. Conclusion. The high-level inverse correlation between catalase activity, soluble carbohydrate content, and the manifestation of oxidative stress effect indicates a significant contribution of these stress-protective system components to the adaptation of seedlings to heat stress. Indicators of the oxidative stress intensity and the functioning of individual components of the antioxidant system can be used to assess the heat resistance of wheat varieties at the early stages of development.
Показники якості зерна пшениці озимої в значній мірі залежать від кліматичних особливостейрегіону і безпосередньо погодних умов року. В статті наведені результати досліджень формуванняврожайності та якісних показників зерна пшениці озимої залежно від дії стресових умовнавколишнього середовища. Час відновлення весняної вегетації (ранній чи пізній) пшениці озимоїможна кваліфікувати, за вченням видатного канадського фізіолога Ганса Сел'є, як стрес, тобто цереакція організму на сильний негативний вплив середовища. Метою статті є оцінка сортів пшениціозимої селекції ПДАУ на стабільність параметрів якості зерна та врожайність за різного часувідновлення весняної вегетації, а також визначення зв'язку між часом відновлення весняної вегетаціїта основними показниками якості зерна пшениці озимої. Дослід проводили за загальноприйнятимикласичними методиками, які широко використовуються в селекційній практиці при створенні таконкурсному випробуванні сортів пшениці озимої у 2019, 2020, 2021 роках. Дослідження проводилисяу відділі первинного насінництва дослідного поля ПДАУ. Вміст білка та клейковини визначалиекспрес-методом на приладі «Інфраскан – 105». Зафіксований різний час відновлення весняноївегетації: ранній (2019), пізній (2021), без припинення вегетації (2020 рік). За результатамидослідження встановлено, що в рік без припинення весняної вегетації спостерігався найвищий вмістбілка та клейковини серед досліджуваних сортів пшениці озимої. Особливо виділився сорт Сагайдак- вміст білка складав 16,1 %, а клейковини 31,5 %. Аналіз врожайності пшениці озимої за різногочасу відновлення весняної вегетації показав, що середня врожайність сортів була найвища за рокидослідження в 2020 році, коли вегетація не припинялась взагалі, а найнижчі показники врожайностіза досліджуваними сортами відмічені за пізньої вегетації.
The aim of the study: Analyzing the role of morphotype traits, physiological reactions in adaptation to the conditions of the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine by studying a wide set of winter wheat collection accessions and identifying valuable samples for further involving them in the local breeding program. Materials and methods: The article contains the results of the research of 318 samples of winter wheat of different ecological and geographical origin from 27 countries according to the complex of morphological traits and physiological reactions to the environmental conditions of the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine in the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 growing years. A field evaluation (visual score) was carried out at next parameters: evaluation of the state of plants before wintering; assessment of winter hardiness; assessment of the speed of plant regeneration in the spring; fixation of the earing date; assessment damage by foliar diseases. An assessment of morphological traits was carried out in accordance with the methodology for the examination of varieties of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for DUS-test recommended by UPOV and the State Service, the methodology of physiological research in breeding from CIMMYT and the methodology for the selection of winter-hardy wheat genotypes. Discussion of the results: Significant variation was found for all studied traits. Analysis of temperature indicators in recent years indicates changes in the passage of the autumn and winter periods of wheat vegetation in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. The weather conditions of both years of the study were generally favorable for the overwintering of winter wheat plants. It is worth noting that the overwintering conditions in the 2021-2022 vegetation year were somewhat more difficult, wheat plants were more exhausted due to the presence of sudden temperature increases and decreases. It has been studying, what important for the wheat plants adaptation to the weather conditions is not only frost resistance, but also winter resistance in combination with a high level of growth in the initial stages and good regeneration at the spring period. A correlation was established between the traits of field winter resistance and the intensity of growth in the autumn period (r=0.653) and with the regenerative capacity of plants in the spring period (r=0.835). Conclusions: Selected samples with high winter hardiness and high intensity of spring regeneration - Lira odes’ka, Oberih Myronivskyi, Dykanka (Ukraine) and varieties of foreign origin - Turkuaz (Azerbaijan) and Andrada (Romania). The following samples had increased winter hardiness (7-8 points) and good regeneration in spring (8-9 points) - Oktava odes’ka, Natalka, Zolotava Nosivska, Lehenda Myronivska, Bunchuk, Orzytsia Nova, PS Tashan’ (Ukraine), T67/X84W063-9-45//Karl92/3 (Turkey), AR800-1-3-1/NW97S320, NE10507 (USA). According to the two years results of the evaluation of the resistance of genotypes to Septoria tritici blotch, next samples can be use as resistance sources - Kraevyd, Mahnatka, Spivanka poliska (Ukraine), Arctis (Germany), Apertus (Austria), AR800-1-3- 1/NW97S320 (USA).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.