Cold electron sources have been studied with particular emphasis on mass spectrometric application. In these sources a relatively weak current from a primary emitter was amplified by an electron multiplier to provide sufficient electron current to ionize neutral gas molecules. The final designs of the cold sources use tantalum photocathodes powered by simulated sunlight as primary electron sources. The sources are highly efficient, consume negligible power, have minimal outgassing and gettering effects, and exhibit considerably less short-term emission fluctuations than a temperature-limited thermionic emitter. These devices would be well suited to calibration work and space flight instrumentation.
A method for measurement of changes in lumen diameter of the oviduct has been developed. Miniature intraluminal "doughnut-shaped" transducers, 1.0-1.2 mm in diameter, constructed from conductive silicone rubber are implanted in the rabbit isthmus and respond to localized changes--increases or decreases--in lumen diameter. Multiple transducer implants in the same tube permit rate as well as direction of contractions to be determined. A custom-designed, micropower dual-channel telemetry system was fabricated to record motility from unrestrained animals. Typical data collected using this system to determine the effects of induced ovulation on instantaneous changes in lumen diameter are presented.
Articles you may be interested inMetal coated silicon spike cold-electron emitters show improvement of performance with operation Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 033501 (2010);
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