Zea mays (maize) and Vigna radiata (green gram) are found to be the chromium (Cr) tolerant and sensitive plants, respectively. In the present paper, we investigate the reduction of the toxicity of Cr in the sensitive plants by the mixed crop cultivation in the field using various amendments. Further, the potassium dichromate was used as the source of hexavalent Cr. The results indicated that Cr adversely affects both the growth and yield of plants. The soil properties vary with Cr and different fertilizer amendments and the yield of both plants were affected by Cr. We conclude that metal accumulation of seeds of green gram was higher than corn and the application of single fertilizer either farm yard manure (FYM) or nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium (NPK) enhances the growth and yield of both the tolerant and sensitive plants in the mixed crop cultivations.
Phytoextraction is a remediation technology that uses plants to remove heavy metals from soil. The success of a phytoextraction process depends on adequate plant yield (aerial parts) and high metal concentrations in plant shoots. A paper towel experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of plants sunflower (Helianthus annuus), maize (Zea maize), pearl millet ( Sorghum bicolour), green gram (Vigna radiata) and ground nut (Arachis hypogaea). Seeds of these plants were exposed to five different concentrations (10,20,30,40,50 ppm ) of Cr as potassium dichromate. The ecotoxicological effects of hexavalent Chromium (Cr) on germination, early seedling growth and chlorophyll content of five plants were investigated. Cr accumulating capacity of those plants was compared. Different species showed different levels of tolerance to Cr pollution. Total chlorophyll content declined progressively with increasing concentrations of heavy metals. The maximum chromium accumulation capacity of roots was in the order of Zea mays > Sorghum bicolour > Helianthus annus > Arachis hypogaea > Vigna radiata and the amount is 5.56 , 3.65, 3.56, 0.8 and 0.08 ppm respectively.
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