BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESMagnesium has antinociceptive effects in animal and human models of pain. It is found that the addition of magnesium to postoperative epidural infusion of fentanyl may decrease the need for fentanyl. We undertook a study to compare the duration of postoperative analgesia after epidural Fentanyl and epidural Fentanyl plus magnesium administered postoperatively, along with side effects.
Introduction:The aim of present study is to provide adequate numbers of cells to appropriate sites for useful cellular replacement to overcome the functional deficits caused by the Trimethyltin chloride lesion.
BACKGROUND Clinical trials with melatonin as a pre-medication agent in anxious children under nitrous oxide oxygen sedation for dental treatment have shown good results; but so far, only limited data is available. Midazolam is a benzodiazepine which produces anxiolytic, amnestic, hypnotic and skeletal muscle relaxant effects. We wanted to compare oral midazolam (0.5 mg/Kg) versus oral melatonin (0.5 mg/Kg) as a premedication in paediatric patients aged 1-6 years with regard to sedation and anxiolysis. METHODS This is a prospective, randomised double blind clinical study in which sixty children of ASA I and II in the age group 1-6 years, scheduled for elective general surgeries were included who were randomly allocated to two groups that would receive either 0.5 mg/Kg of oral midazolam or 0.5 mg/Kg of oral melatonin. The children were evaluated for sedation, anxiolysis, parental separation anxiety and acceptance of mask at induction. RESULTS Midazolam and melatonin were well accepted by the children. The quality and onset of sedation were similar in both the groups. The quality of anxiolysis is significantly better in the midazolam group, and the onset is earlier which is statistically significant. Melatonin group had a delayed onset and quality of anxiolysis was satisfactory and comparable to midazolam. The quality of parental separation and quality of mask acceptance was statistically insignificant in both the groups. CONCLUSIONS Oral melatonin can be an alternative premedication for sedation-anxiolysis in children. Oral midazolam had earlier onset and superior quality of sedationanxiolysis compared to oral melatonin in the doses compared.
The most concerning complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARSCoV-2) pneumonia is acute hypoxemic failure. Though various antivirals, steroids, immunomodulators have been tried, oxygen therapy remains the mainstay of treatment. After obtaining institutional ethical clearance, a prospective observational study was conducted on 102 COVID-19 positive patients aged 20 years and above, admitted in the ICU with moderate to severe disease. COVID-19 infection was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction or rapid antigen test. Data of two demographically comparable groups i.e., patients on HFNO and NIV was analysed outcome was defined as discharge from ICU, shift to other non-invasive modes of oxygen therapy, endotracheal intubation or death, and comfort level for each mode. The data was analysed using SPSS-16.0, Chi-square test and “t” value test were applied.Comparison ofthe mean number of invasive ventilator free days of HFNO and NIV was insignificant(p>0.05). Among the patients on HFNO (high flow nasal oxygen) 49.09% were stepped down to NRB (non-rebreathing mask) whereas 7.27% went for intubation which is significant compared to NIV mask (non-invasive ventilation), where 13.64% were stepped down to HFNO and 34.09% were intubated (p=0.000).Oxygen therapy with HFNO is associated with better outcome and less mortality when compared with NIV.
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