ConclusionsCompared to VEP parameters, RNFL thickness was a sensitive correlate with the degree of early disability in fully ambulatory patients with MS with or without history of ON.
The current demographic situation in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan is associated with pronounced processes of population aging. Today, about two million elderly people live in Kazakhstan, which makes up more than 10% of the population, which crosses a seven percent threshold for determining the “aging” country in the world.For Kyrgyzstan, an increase in the proportion of the elderly is a new phenomenon. At the beginning of 2016, there were 965,385 people over 50 in Kyrgyzstan, which is 16% of the total population, of whom 60 and over are 7.06%. According to the average version of the forecast, the relative number of people 60 years and older will almost triple by 2050. (M. B. Denisenko, 2011, Report of a statistical study, 2017) The aging of the population is the most significant social problem of the XXI st century and is associated with the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. Moderate cognitive impairment, according to several authors are an intermediate stage between normal aging and dementia (Brodaty H., 2013, Peterson, 2009).The cause of cognitive disorders in old age can be a number of diseases, including neurodegenerative. According to projections, it is expected that neurodegenerative diseases will surpass cancer as the leading cause of death by 2040 (Walter U., 2013). The Global prevalence pattern of dementia depends on several factors, from life expectancy to the health status, last but not least from the particular environment.Purpose of the study. To study the prevalence of cognitive impairment and the main risk factors for their occurrence among people over 60 in the Kazakh and Kyrgyz populations.Materials and methods.The screening was attended by 300 respondents (150 Kazakhs and 150 Kyrgyz) aged 60 to 90 years (average age 65.6). The material was collected using the Questionnaire for the Champ Clinic and the MOCA test (cut-off point <26) based on the city polyclinics of Almaty and Bishkek.Results:moderate cognitive impairment was detected - 39.9%, mild cognitive impairment - 33.4%, normal cognitive function - 26.7% in Kazakhs. In the Kyrgyz population, a moderate cognitive impairment was identified - 48.3%; pronounced cognitive impairment - 15.4%, dementia - 8.2%. Expected risk factors for cognitive impairment: 1) in Kazakhs, arterial hypertension - 86.89%, cardiac ischemia, angina pectoris - 70.21%, pathology of the thyroid gland and pancreas (diabetes, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism) - 29.50%, atherosclerotic vascular diseases - 29.9%, brain injury - 18.22%, education level - 4.24%, depression - 0.6%, respectively. 2) in Kyrgyz: arterial hypertension - 49%, cardiac ischemia, angina pectoris - 13%, pathology of the thyroid gland and pancreas (diabetes, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism) - 21%, low level of education - 11%, Bad habits of smoking and alcohol - 25 %, 20%, respectively.Conclusions:The transformation of the demographic burden can have important implications for the social security system.We have an urgent need to continue screening the population to identify the main risk factors for moderate cognitive impairment in individuals in the Kazakh and Kyrgyz populations.
Данная статья является представлением клинически слож ного случая дифференциальной диагностики острых нарушений мозгового кравообращения и опухолей головного мозга. This article is a presentation of a clinically difficult case of differential diagnosis of acute disorders of cerebral circulation and brain tumors.
Спастичность является хроническим патологическим состоянием при спастических формах церебрального паралича. Спастичность определяется как зависящее от скорости повышенное сопротивление пассивному растяжению мышц, как неуместная непроизвольная мышечная активность, связанная с параличом центрального двигательного нейрона. Повышение мышечного тонуса ограничивает объем активных и пассивных движений, способствует развитию вторичных мышечно-суставных осложнений. Фармакотерапия синдрома спастичности в детском неврологической практике является актуальной проблемой в связи с ограничением их применения в детском возрасте, отсутствием исследований с высоким уровнем доказательности. Spasticity is a chronic pathological condition in spastic forms of cerebral palsy. Spasticity is defined as speed-dependent increased resistance to passive muscle stretching, as inappropriate involuntary muscle activity associated with paralysis of the central motor neuron. Increased muscle tone limits the volume of active and passive movements, promotes the development of secondary musculoskeletal complications. Pharmacotherapy of spasticity syndrome in pediatric neurological practice is an urgent problem due to the restriction of their use in childhood, the lack of studies with a high level of evidence.
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