Background: Pigeonpea is an important legume crop in the world. The diseases Fusarium Wilt (FW) and Sterility Mosaic Disease (SMD) causes a complete yield loss i.e. up to 100% in susceptible pigeonpea genotypes. Amidst of these conditions the selection of stable resistant genotypes against these diseases under varying environmental conditions is the primary management choice for minimizing yield losses (Sharma et al., 2012; Bhaskar et al., 2016).
Methods: Fifty pigeonpea genotypes were evaluated against Fusarium wilt and SMD in artificial epiphytotic conditions during four Kharif seasons i.e., 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis was used to decipher the interaction between genotype (G) and environment (E) for FW and SMD in pigeonpea. Result: Analysis revealed that in both the diseases IPCA1 and IPCA2 collectively contributed more than 80% interaction. AMMI biplots revealed that Kharif- 2019 shows positive effect to FW disease and negative effect to SMD. The AMMI model integration with GGE biplot, identified stable and resistant genotypes (1, 6, 7, 9, 11, 14, 20, 25, 21, 30, 33, 35, 42, 44, 46, 47, 48 and 49) to both FW and SMD based on their performance across diverse environments. These genotypes will be referred for pigeonpea FW and SMD disease resistance breeding programmes.
A total of 50 Fusarium isolates were collected from major pigeonpea growing states of India and studied for cultural and morphological characters. Among 50 isolates, a total of 30 isolates were selected based on their cultural and morphological characters and studied for pathogenic variability on eight pigeonpea (ICP8858, ICP 8859, ICP 8862, BDN-2, ICP 9174 ICP 8863, ICP 2376 and BAHAR) differential genotypes. Among eight genotypes, the four genotypes namely ICP8858, ICP 8859, ICP 8862, BDN-2 reacted differentially to isolates and not much consistent in their pathogenicity, however two genotypes ICP 9174 and ICP 8863 exhibited resistant reactions and two genotypes ICP 2376 and BAHAR exhibited consistent susceptibility to wilt disease and could differentiate the 30 Fusarium isolates into six pathogenic variants (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5). Among 6 variants, maximum distribution of Fusarium variants was noticed in Bihar and Telangana (4 variants in each state) followed by Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka Uttar Pradesh and, Maharashtra (2 variants) and one variant each in New Delhi and Jharkhand states. The ITS-rDNA sequencing 23 Fusarium isolates of revealed that Fusarium udum (65.21) was the dominant species causing pigeonpea wilt in India followed by Fusarium solani (21.7) and Fusarium equiseti (13.04). The results of present study were notable in terms of Fusarium variants, which might be used to deploy location specific wilt resistant cultivars for improved disease management tactics. This study will also aid in the development of broad- based pigeonpea wilt resistant varieties to supress potential epidemics.
Pigeonpea wilt disease caused by Fusarium udum is one of the most devastating soil borne disease. The objective of this investigation was to determine the antifungal activities of fungicides which can be used to control wilt disease of pigeonpea. Among all the fungicides Azoxystrobin+Tebuconazole, Carbendazim, Tebuconazole+Trifloxystrobin, Hexaconazole, Tebuconazole exhibited 100% inhibition at all the concentrations, followed by Azoxystrobin+ Difenconazole which exhibited 92.22%, 94.4%, 94.4% and 100% inhibition at 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 750 ppm and 1000 ppm respectively.
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