In previous studies of erosion-corrosion, several different theories have been developed to produce a model which represents the relationship between particle erosion and chemical corrosion. Regimes in the models define how the two mechanisms behave relative to one another, whether it is erosion dominated, corrosion dominated. This paper investigates the effect of particle and target material on the erosion-corrosion mechanisms. The performance of Fe as the target material will be modelled when considering particle concentration and size. A comparison is made between the erosion-corrosion mechanisms of Fe, Ni, Al and Cu under different conditions of particle size and concentration. By producing several maps, the regimes and wastage rates predicted as functions of velocity and applied potential will be discussed
The threshold velocity for erosion of a ductile material is considered as the velocity required for initiation of plastic deformation in the substrate. For a brittle material, it defines the velocity required to nucleate a median crack in the elastic/plastic interface beneath the indentation. By invoking models for the solid particle erosion of ductile and brittle materials from the literature, together with a set of criteria based on threshold velocity calculations for erosion of the individual components, various predictions of erosion behaviour of WC/Co MMCs have been made. Qualitative agreement was found between the model predictions and various trends of the solid particle erosion behaviour of WC/Co cermets in the literature. The implications of the findings in addressing some of the puzzling trends of the solid particle erosion of MMCs in the literature, and how such insights may result in a reconsideration of some "classical" solid particle erosion relationships, are addressed in this paper
Nickel and silicon are attractive alloying elements for high-strength low-alloyed (HSLA) steel production. However, it is well known that the presence of Ni and Si in the steel can impair the surface quality, making it unsuitable for certain markets. The combined effects of Ni+Si on the oxide scale formation are still relatively unknown. Literature is dealing mostly with steels containing combinations of Ni and Si, with either traces of nickel (0.1%) or very high (8-16%) nickel levels. At Tata Steel we explored the effect of an optimum composition selected to achieve steel properties (0.15%Si and 1%Ni) on the formation of oxide in the reheating furnace and its descalability. Pilot hydraulic descaling trials were performed on blocks of three steel grades, applying reheating and hydraulic descaling in conditions closely resembling the industrial practice.The oxidation experiments show that synergistic effects occurring during the oxidation of alloys containing Ni (1.1%) are already obvious at relatively low levels of Si of 0.05%. This effect is even enhanced at higher Si levels of 0.15% and consists of increasing the adherence of oxide scale to the steel substrate by forming an entangled layer with oxidic pegs.In order to maximize descalability of (Ni,Si)-alloyed steels slabs, the metal/scale entanglement has to be minimised. In this respect, it was found that the slab surface temperature is the most important parameter. A gentle, smooth reheating process is required in which slab surface temperatures exceeding 1 300°C should be avoided.
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