Noctuidae are one of the world’s most diverse, ecologically successful, and economically important animal lineages with over 12,000 species in ~1,150 genera. We inferred a phylogeny using eight protein-coding genes for the global fauna, greatly expanding upon previous attempts to stabilize Noctuidae higher classification by sampling 341 genera (nearly half represented by their type species) representing 70/76 widely recognized family-group taxa: 20/21 subfamilies, 32/35 tribes, and 18/20 subtribes. We evaluated 17 subfamily-level taxa in detail, discussing adult and larval morphology, life histories, and taxonomic implications of our results. We significantly alter concepts of Acontiinae, Condicinae, Eustrotiinae, Metoponiinae, and Stiriinae. Our results supported recognition of two new subfamilies: Cobubathinae Wagner & Keegan, 2021 subf. nov. and Cropiinae Keegan & Wagner, 2021 subf. nov. Other nomenclatural changes we made are as follows. We moved: ‘Acontia’ viridifera (Hampson, 1910), ‘Azenia’ virida Barnes and McDunnough, 1916, Aleptinoides, Austrazenia, Chalcoecia, Megalodes, and Trogotorna to Chamaecleini in Acontiinae; Apaustis to, and reinstated Emmelia as a valid genus in Acontiinae; Allophyes and Meganephria to Cuculliinae; ‘Plagiomimicus’ navia (Harvey, 1875), Airamia, Alvaradoia, Hypoperigea, Neotarache, and Mesotrosta to Condicinae; Axenus, Azenia, Metaponpneumata, Sexserrata, and Tristyla to Metoponiinae; ‘Paramiana’ canoa (Barnes, 1907) to Noctuinae; Aucha, Cobubatha, and Tripudia to Cobubathinae; Anycteola and Supralathosea to Oncocnemidinae; Cropia to Cropiinae; Desmoloma to Dyopsinae; Eviridemas and Gloanna to Bryophilinae; Fota and Stilbia to Stiriinae; and Copibryophila, Homolagoa, and Tyta to Noctuidae incertae sedis. We conclude with discussion of instances where current understanding of noctuid biogeography and life histories were changed by our results.
The checklist of the Arctiinae (generally treated as the Arctiidae previously) of the continental United States and Canada is revised, incorporating a number of corrections and changes to publication dates and nomenclature as presented in the recent checklist of Ferguson and Opler (2006). Clemensia patella (Druce) is revised to synonomy under Clemensia albata Packard, Holoarctia sordida (McDunnough) is raised from synonomy under H. cervini (Fallou), and Arachnis apachea Clarke is transferred from synonomy under Arachnis verna Barnes & McDunnough to Arachnis citra Neumögen & Dyar. Palearctia Ferguson is synonomized under Holarctia M. E. Smith. The North American taxa previously treated as the tribe Arctiini are segregated into the subtribes Arctiina and Spilosomina. The genera Kodiosoma Stretch and Euerythra Harvey, previously treated as Arctiini, are transferred to the subtribe Phaegopterina.
ABSTRACT. Two adjacent populations of the Arctic moth Gynaephora groenlandica, a High Arctic endemic species, were found in southwest Yukon, ca. 900 km south of the species' described distribution. Species identification was based on larval morphology for one population and on larvae rearing and DNA barcoding for the other. All three approaches clearly separated G. groenlandica from the closely related and frequently sympatric G. rossii. These records represent the first reports of G. groenlandica in alpine environments, and we recognize these populations as a distinct subspecies, G. g. beringiana, on the basis of differences in habitat, geography, wing phenotype, and DNA barcode. Given the limited dispersal ability of G. groenlandica, these records may represent isolated relict populations. Disjunct populations and new records of other species recently described for the southwest Yukon suggest 1) that this region is understudied and a potential refugium for species characteristic of different biogeographic influences and 2) that this region may be changing considerably in response to recent rapid environmental change, which has influenced species distribution, abundance, and phenology. Our findings, however, might result from a relatively poor description of the arthropod fauna of remote locations; these discoveries should therefore instigate further survey efforts.Key words: glacial refugia, Kluane, Lepidoptera, Lymantriinae, Ogilvie, range extension, relict populations RÉSUMÉ. Deux populations adjacentes du papillon de nuit de l'Arctique Gynaephora groenlandica, espèce endémique de l'Extrême-Arctique, ont été trouvées dans le sud-ouest du Yukon, à environ 900 km au sud de la répartition décrite pour cette espèce. L'espèce a été identifiée à l'aide de la morphologie de la larve d'une population, et à l'aide de la croissance de la larve et de la codification à barres génétique de l'autre population. Les trois méthodes ont permis de distinguer clairement G. groenlandica de G. rossii, espèce étroitement liée et souvent sympatrique. Il s'agit des premières observations de G. groenlandica en milieu alpin, et nous reconnaissons ces populations comme étant une sous-espèce distincte, G. g. beringiana, en raison des différences sur le plan de l'habitat, de la géographie, du phénotype de l'aile et de la codification à barres génétique. Puisque la capacité de dispersion de G. groenlandica est restreinte, ces observations pourraient représenter des populations reliques isolées. Des populations isolées et de nouvelles observations d'autres espèces décrites récemment dans le sud-ouest du Yukon suggèrent 1) que cette région n'est pas suffisamment étudiée et qu'elle pourrait être un refuge pour des espèces caractéristiques d'influences biogéographiques différentes, et 2) qu'il est possible que cette région soit en train de changer considérablement en raison de l'altération rapide et récente de l'environnement, ce qui exerce une influence sur la répartition, l'abondance et la phénologie des espèces. Toutefois, nos constatation...
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