Global use of phosphine as a fumigant has increased in response to the need to replace methyl bromide and with the improved formulations ECO2FUME and VAPORPH3OS Phosphine is registered as a postharvest fumigant on kiwifruit in New Zealand and has been used commercially to reduce the risk of detecting live pests Scale insects mealybugs and diapausing twospotted spider mites were exposed to a range of phosphine treatments A 48h low temperature (1746C) fumigation (64083311 ppm) achieved 100 mortality of all life stages of oleander scale insects while a 12h exposure killed all longtailed mealybug life stages A 36h low temperature (2533C) fumigation (43322712 ppm) treatment achieved 100 mortality of all greedy scale insect life stages A 48 to 96h treatment (36001200 ppm) at 115C caused 913100 mortality of diapausing twospotted spider mite adults Use of phosphine as a commercial treatment for kiwifruit is discussed
High temperature disinfestation was investigated as an alternative, non-chemical treatment for the postharvest quarantine control of two-spotted mites (fSM, Tetranychus urticae Koch) on nectarines.Diapausing TSM pre-conditioned for 28-30 days at 15°C, were killed by exposure to wann air at 46.7°C for 15.5 h, or 43.9°C for 34 h. When pre-conditioned at 4.0°C for 5-15 days complete mortality was observed after 28 h wann air at 48.2°C. These times and conditions were longer than those predicted to kill non-diapausing TSM when 100% mortality was observed at 24 h at air temperatures between 43.2 and 46.0°C.
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