Launaea (Lactuca) taraxacifolia also known as wild (African) lettuce is anethno-pharmacologically significant plant of the Asteraceae family. The plant was carefully chosen for this study due to its extensive use in traditional herbal practices to treat a wide range of ailments. The extraction of the leaves for phytochemical screening was carried out by subjecting the air dried pulverized plant materials into trichloromethane, normal hexane, ethyl ethanoate and methanol solvents for a period of some days, followed by filtration and concentration. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the extracts of the above solvents revealed the presence of saponins, phenols, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, tannins, plant steroids and flavonoids. Quantitative analysis of the phytochemicals showed that saponins occurred withthe greatest concentration of 4.26 ± 0.08 %, followed by cardiac glycosides with a concentration of 2.27 ± 0.02 %; while phenols had the least concentration of 0.13 ± 0.01%. The proximate analysis was carried out using the dried leaves and the results obtained revealed the presence of crude protein (38.40 ± 1.20 %), crude fibre (1.565 ± 0.08 %), crude fat (4.60 ± 0.04 %), crude ash (5.02 ± 0.070 %), moisture (14.91 ± 0.50) and available carbohydrates (35.50 ± 1.26 %). The calorific value of the leaves in gram per calories was estimated to be 337 ± 0.70. The extraction, purification, concentration, phytochemical screening and nutritional analysis were carried out at Post-graduates, chemistry and bio-chemistry laboratories, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.
Launaea (Lactuca) taraxacifolia also known as wild lettuce is a medicinally important plant of the Asteraceae family. The plant was selected for this study due to its widespread use in traditional medicine and on the basis that the plant is almost going into extinct in Nigeria. The extraction was carried out by subjecting the air dried pulverized plant materials into trichloromethane solvent for a period of some days, followed by filtration and concentration. Separation and purification of the various constituents of the crude were done using thin layer and column chromatography. The mobile phases and solvent blends employed were: normal hexane, trichloromethane, ethyl ethanoate and methanol. The extraction, purification, concentration and chromatographic separations of the extracts were carried out at Post-graduates, chemistry laboratory, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria. The NMR spectra analysis was investigated at Monash University Malaysia while the FTIR and GC-MS were carried out at Nanotechnology and Research Institute Malaysia. The NMR analysis was done using a Bruker VSP 500MHZ model machine. The GC-MS was performed using an Agilent 7000 model while the FTIR analysis was carried out on an Agilent 4500 series FTIR system. The structural elucidation of the proposed compound was deduced using GC-MS, FTIR, NMR (13C and 1H) and 2D COSY NMR spectra. This chemical investigation resulted in the isolation of a novel compound SB3 (Octadecahydro-10-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphtalen-3-yl)-4,4-dimethoxy-6b,12b,14b-trimethyl Picen-3-(4H,6bH,14bH)-one. Compound SB3 was isolated using 50% hexane and 50% trichloromethane at an Rf value of 0.692. The MS spectrum of compound SB3 gave a molecular ion peak at m/z 545.81, which corresponded to a molecular formula of C37H53O3.
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