Abstract:Equations for the prediction of tree phytomass in Quercus cerris stands in Tuscany, Italy. The paper reports the development of allometric equations to estimate tree phytomass in Turkey oak stands in Tuscany. Biomass estimation is a basic tool to study the ecosystem, which is currently taking on a greater importance due to the commitments provided by the Climate Convention and the Kyoto Protocol. The high costs of the field measurements of tree biomass calls for the application of indirect methods, such as the largely-applied biomass equations, allowing to calculate phytomass values using variables easily measurable in the field, such as tree diameter and height. The equations described here have been developed for Turkey oak coppices undergoing conversion into high forests. Such stands are nowadays more and more common because of the progressive suspension of timber harvesting on an increased part of the original coppice area. We report five equations: the first one to estimate stem volume, and the followings to estimate each phytomass component (stem, branches, and slash) and the total tree above-ground phytomass. Tree diameter at breast height and total tree height were used as independent variables (predictors). All equations were developed on the same model and the additivity of the phytomass components in respect to the total phytomass was achieved. Equation parameters showed a fairly good accuracy in the estimation of the dependent variables. IntroduzioneLe procedure di misurazione e di stima dell'accrescimento e della massa arborea (tavole stereometriche) si sono sviluppate in parallelo alle esigenze di gestione e di pianificazione dei soprassuoli forestali, fino ai modelli di previsione della loro dinamica nel tempo (tavole alsometriche), espressione più matura dell'interesse economico per il bosco produttore di legno (Assmann 1970). Il passaggio da una gestione orientata alla produzione ad una gestione di tipo multifunzionale e sostenibile (Farrell et al. 2000, Andersson et al. 2005) ha allargato l'attenzione alla stima della produttività biologica in termini di energia o di sostanza secca. La stima delle fitomasse rappresenta così la tappa recente di un approccio classico che, dalla determinazione e previsione del volume commerciabile, si è ampliato verso la determinazione della biomassa epigea considerata sia nel suo complesso e sia nelle sue componenti principali: massa del fusto, dei rami e massa fogliare (Pardé 1980). La funzione emergente del bosco come sink di carbonio e la necessità di quantificarne gli stock ed il ritmo di accumulo rappresenta oggi una ragione ulteriore per una accurata determinazione della massa arborea come frazione importante dell'intero serbatoio suolo-soprassuolo (Dixon et al. 1994, Nabuurs et al. 1997, Malhi et al. 1999, Brown 2001, Goodale et al. 2001, Nabuurs et al. 2003, Ciccarese et al. 2005.Da quanto sopra riportato si evince come i lavori sulla stima della fitomassa arborea siano sempre stati di rilevante utilità per gli studi ecosistemici e stiano assume...
Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests are coenoses worthy of great care because of their inherent bio-ecological value. The suspension of harvesting following the crisis of fuel wood market ruled the evolutive pattern of maquis over the last decades. In this phase, site quality seems to be the major driver of the holm oak-dominated forest recovery as well as of the lasting permanence of the sclerophyllous shrub forest. In this connection, stand dynamics has been monitored in three plots located in the strictly protected area of the “Parco Regionale della Maremma” (Grosseto - Tuscany), where natural evolution is in progress since at least five decades. The monitored stands are representative of different evolutive phases from the holm oak-dominated coppices to the typical maquis, as a function of the original stand structure and composition but also of the intensity and length of the applied coppice management system. The analysis was carried out by permanent transects; two inventories were undertaken in 1991 and 2006 to evaluate both compositional and structural variability and the dynamics in progress. Results at now highlight the role played by the residual site quality and specific composition in driving the evolutive pattern of tree species community. Under the absence of any silvicultural practice and better site conditions, the progress and specific incidence of regular mortality and the related aboveground biomass redistribution, supported the vegetation of holm oak and the other subsidiary species typical of more mature stages. The overall forest dynamics seemed anyway to proceed slowly and resulted in a steady physiognomy over a long time since the suspension of the historical disturbance made of repeated harvesting on short rotations
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