The process of using ceramic water filter to remove contaminants and microbes in water processing is becoming more effective and popular among ceramists and homes in developing countries. However, ceramic filters are not known to treat heavy metals effectively. Therefore, this research work is targeted at developing ceramic water filter that is capable of removing heavy metals in water at household levels. The body composition is formulated with charcoal, saw dust, snail shell, glass cullet and clay so as to make it porous, remove microbes and treat heavy metals by adsorption process in the filter. The formulated bodies are shaped and fired to a temperature of (850˚C-900˚C) and water is allowed to run through the material. Physiochemical and heavy metal test are conducted on the water and it is discovered that samples G and H have the highest flow rate and sample H is effective for the treatment of microbe and the removal of heavy metals in water with significant reduction in Zinc, Nickel, Manganese, Lead, Chromium and Copper. It also shows that the filter which is produced is effective for high correction of physiochemical parameters in household water treatment.
In this paper, we proposed a new four-parameter Extended Gumbel type-2 distribution which can further be split into the Lehman type I and type II Gumbel type-2 distribution by using a generalized exponentiated G distribution. The distributional properties of the proposed distribution have been studied. We derive the p th moment; thus, we generalize some results in the literature. Expressions for the density, moment-generating function, and r th moment of the order statistics are also obtained. We discuss estimation of the parameters by maximum likelihood and provide the information matrix of the developed distribution. Two life data, which consist of data on cancer remission times and survival times of pigs, were used to show the applicability of the Extended Gumbel type-2 distribution in modelling real life data, and we found out that the new model is more flexible than its submodels.
This paper presents a new generalization of the extended Bur II distribution. We redefined the Bur II distribution using the Alpha Power Transformation (APT) to obtain a new distribution called the Alpha Power Transformed Extended Bur II distribution. We derived several mathematical properties for the new model which includes moments, moment generating function, order statistics, entropy etc. and used a maximum likelihood estimation method to obtain the parameters of the distribution. Two real-world data sets were used for applications in order to illustrate the usefulness of the new distribution.
Due to high consumption of conventional materials such as quartz and feldspar in most ceramic products processing, the recent practice has been targeted at exploration and utilization of some industrial wastes with similar characteristics to solely or partially replace these conventional materials to reduce cost of production, and serves as a means of solid wastes management. In this regard, this work aims at incorporating postsintered wastes as partial and sole alternatives to quartz and feldspar in the production of vitreous sanitary ceramics. Vitreous sanitary ware bodies containing discarded sanitary wares and waste soda‐lime glasses as substitute to quartz and feldspar respectively were prepared using slip casting process. Several samples measuring 120 × 50 × 10 mm were cast, left to dry at ambient temperature for 24 hours followed by oven‐drying at 105°C for another 12 hours. The cast samples were then subjected to sintering at temperatures of 1150 and 1200°C, respectively, and then soaked for 90 minutes. Physico‐mechanical, phase, and structural evaluations were carried out to assess the performance of the vitreous sanitary bodies. The results showed that samples containing postsintered wastes displayed better physical, mechanical, and structural properties, while the chemical compositions of the prepared samples showed close similarity to standard Twyford sanitary ware. However, better properties were observed for samples sintered at 1200°C which might be attributed to high vitrification at elevated temperature.
In this work, we introduce a new generalization of the Inverted Weibull distribution called the alpha power Extended Inverted Weibull distribution using the alpha power transformation method. This approach adds an extra parameter to the baseline distribution. The statistical properties of this distribution including the mean, variance, coefficient of variation, quantile function, median, ordinary and incomplete moments, skewness, kurtosis, moment and moment generating functions, reliability analysis, Lorenz and Bonferroni and curves, Rényi of entropy and order statistics are studied. We consider the method of maximum likelihood for estimating the model parameters and the observed information matrix is derived. Simulation method and three real life data sets are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new model.
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