Abstract. We have analyzed the total HI contents of 72 Hickson compact groups of galaxies (HCGs) and the detailed spatial distributions and kinematics of HI within a subset of 16 groups using the high angular resolution observations obtained with the VLA in order to investigate a possible evolutionary scenario for these densest systems in the present day galaxy hierarchy. For the more homogeneous subsample of 48 groups, we found a mean HI deficiency of DefHI = 0.40 ± 0.07, which corresponds to 40% of the expected HI for the optical luminosities and morphological types of the member galaxies. The individual galaxies show larger degrees of deficiency than the groups globally, DefHI = 0.62 ± 0.09 (24% of the expected HI), due in most cases to efficient gas stripping from individual galaxies into the group environment visible in the VLA maps. The degree of deficiency is found to be similar to the central galaxies of Virgo and Coma cluster, and Coma I group, in spite of the significantly different characteristics (number of galaxies, velocity dispersion) of these environments. It does not seem plausible that a significant amount of extended HI has been missed by the observations. Hence phase transformation of the atomic gas should explain the HI deficiency. The groups richer in early type galaxies or more compact with larger velocity dispersions show a weak tendency to be more HI deficient. The detection rate of HCGs at X-ray wavelengths is larger for HI deficient groups, although the hot gas distribution and hence its origin is only known for a few cases. In the evolutionary scenario we propose, the amount of detected HI would decrease further with evolution, by continuous tidal stripping and/or heating. The H2 content also tends to be lower than expected for the galaxies in HI deficient groups, this may suggest that the HI stripping by frequent tidal interaction breaks the balance between the disruption of molecular clouds by star formation and the replenishment from the ambient HI.

Using the Very Large Array, we have made spectral-line and continuum observations of the neutral hydrogen in the direction of the compact group of galaxies Stephan's Quintet. The high-velocity clouds between 5600 and 6600 km s À1 , the disk of the foreground galaxy NGC 7320 at 800 km s À1 , the extended continuum ridge near the center of the group, and three faint dwarflike galaxies in the surrounding field were imaged with the C, CS, and D configurations. Four of the H i clouds previously detected are confirmed. The two largest H i features are coincident with and concentrated mainly along separate large tidal tails that extend eastward. The most diffuse of the four clouds is resolved into two clumps, one coinciding with tidal features south of NGC 7318A and the other devoid of any detectable stellar or H sources. The two compact clouds along the same line of sight have peak emission at luminous infrared and bright H sources probably indicative of star-forming activity. The total amount of H i detected at high redshifts is $10 10 M . As in previous H i studies of the group, no detectable emission was measured at the positions of any high-redshift galaxies, so that any H i still bound to their disks must be less than 2.4 Â 10 7 M .

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