Congenital cervical teratomas are rare tumours arising from the neck and consist of three major tissue layers of an embryo: the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. A great majority of cervical teratomas are benign tumours. However, the clinical significance of these tumours arises from the complications they can cause during pregnancy due to the postnatal mass effect on the airway and oesophagus of the neonate. Diagnosis of a congenital cervical teratoma is possible during an early prenatal ultrasound evaluation. The appearance depends on the size of the tumour, but it is typically a large neck mass with solid and cystic components that causes hyperextension of the neck and is frequently associated with polyhydramnios. In the postnatal period, ultrasound helps in differentiating cervical teratoma from other common congenital cervical masses. MRI is the modality of choice to evaluate the consistency of the tumour, surrounding soft tissue extent of the tumour, and any mass effect on other cervical structures. In our case report, we present a case of a full-term baby that was delivered with a large cervical mass. MRI was helpful in demonstrating the complex content of the mass, surrounding soft tissue extension, and mass effect on other major cervical structures. The clear demarcation of the mass facilitated complete surgical removal without complications.
Background: Cervical and cesarean section (CS) scar ectopic pregnancies are rare forms of ectopic pregnancies. They are one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Early detection and diagnosis of these entities are important for an early intervention to reduce its life-threatening complications. Medical or surgical management are depending mainly on fertility or lifesaving conditions. Method(s): Two ladies were presented to the hospital with vaginal bleeding and cramping abdominal pain. Lab investigation and medical imaging confirm the diagnosis of 1sttrimester cervical and CS scar ectopic pregnancies for the first and second case respectively. Result(s): Both patients underwent an unsuccessful trial of systemic methotrexate therapy, followed by successful ultrasound-guided intra-amniotic injection of methotrexate, under standard precautions in the operative room with no immediate complications. Post-treatment period shows a progressive decline in the beta-HCG and evidence of gestational sac resolution in the follow-up imaging. Conclusion(s): As a minimally invasive procedure, ultrasound-guided intra-amniotic injection of methotrexate was our second line in managing and treating the ectopic pregnancy cases, it was safe and effective. Further evaluation with a larger sample is required to ensure its safety and efficiency.
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