The metabolic profiling of seven Egyptian cultivars of chickpeaviaRP-HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS enabled the characterization of 96 phenolic compounds.

Background: Volatile oil, terpenoids, mainly diterpene and polyphenolic compounds including flavonoids and phenolic acids were previously isolated from different Plectranthus species. Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng growing abroad was subjected to phytochemical study resulted in isolation of several flavonoids, also the plant exhibited antioxidant, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. Materials and Methods: In this study ethyl acetate fraction of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng leaves growing in Egypt was fractionated and chromatographed on silica gel and sephadex to isolate its phenolic constituents. The isolated compounds were identified using UV, 1 HNMR and 13 CNMR. Total phenolics and tannins content of the leaves, stems and roots of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng were determined using Folin-Ciocalteau and Folin-Denis reagents, respectively. Phenolic compounds of the stems and roots were identified using UPLC-MS analysis. Leaves, stems and roots of this plant were tested for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, diuretic, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. Results: The isolated compounds were identified as 3-methoxy genkwanin, crisimaritin, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, taxifolin, rosmarinic acid, apigenin and 5-O-methyl-luteolin. The stems showed the highest concentration of the total polyphenolics followed by the leaves then the roots (9.6, 8.4 and 5.4 mg/g of gallic acid equivalents, respectively), while the roots recorded the highest tannins content followed by the leaves then the stems (126, 90 and 81 µg/g of tannic acid equivalents, respectively). UPLC-MS analysis revealed the presence of caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, coumaric acid and chrysoeriol in the stems and roots, while luteolin, quercitin and eriodyctiol were detected only in the stems. The different extracts of the three organs exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, diuretic, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities with variable potency.

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and phenolic acids are the main constituents isolated from the different Plectranthus species. [6,7] Because of taxonomic similarities of the different Plectranthus species, the same species of Plectranthus usually shows a number of synonyms. [1] To help in solving this terminology problem, in this study, the different organs (leaves, stems and roots) of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng growing in Egypt were subjected to a phytochemical screening aiming for chemical identification of this plant and the DNA profile of the plant was analyzed for genetic identification. The total carbohydrates, total soluble sugars, proteins, amino acids and vitamin content were determined to evaluate the nutritional value of this plant as a food.

The potential hepatoprotective effect of the methanolic extract of Periploca somaliensis Browicz fruits, its different fractions (n-hexane, chloroform and n-butanol) and the major isolated compound ursolic acid was evaluated using the human hepatoma cell line (Huh7) based on the changes in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, glutathione and superoxide dismutase. Each sample was tested at three different concentrations (1000, 100 and 10 μg/mL). All tested samples exhibited a potent concentration-independent cytoprotective effect relative to silymarin as a reference standard. Chromatographic fractionation of the chloroform-soluble fraction of the methanol extract of P. somaliensis Browicz fruits afforded two known triterpenes, namely ursolic acid, and 11α,12α-epoxy-3β-hydroxy-olean-13β,28-olide, and a newly discovered one, namely 3β-hydroxy-urs-11-en-13β,28-olide. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by the analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectral data.