This paper examines the applications of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model in the analysis of Egypt's import and export data concerning the consequential impacts on the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) between 1980 to 2010 years. Given that exports and imports significantly impact the economic status of Egypt through the balance of payment, it is therefore vital for policymakers to adequately comprehend and understand the factors affecting the revenue of the country's economy. The study provides a wide range of elasticity estimates made from the data collected in the field. Moreover, this paper seeks to examine the current estimated import and export demand function for Egypt by employing the ARDL approach using the Eviews program. The results from ARDL approach analysis agrees with the hypothesis that Egypt has a long run relationship with export, import demand, economic growth prices of exports and imports, and volatility of an actual effective exchange rate in the market. Therefore, the imports and exports in Egypt are affected by the country's GDP. Hence it is growth driven.
Contribution/ Originality:This study provides more insights into the applications of (ARDL) model in the analysis of Egypt's import and export data. It is hoped that this article will help researchers to make informed decisions regarding the current estimated import and export demand function for Egypt by employing the ARDL approach.
Developing countries host more than one third of international migrants. However, research on the labour market outcomes of low‐skilled international migrant workers in developing countries is limited. We examine the presence and sources of wage differentials across native and foreign low‐skilled workers in the palm oil plantation sector in Malaysia, which hosts a large population of foreign workers. We find that Indonesian foreign workers have a wage advantage over native and Indian workers. Decomposition results suggest that the wage differentials between Indonesian and native workers are largely explained by the higher productivity of Indonesian workers, employers' favouritism towards Indonesian workers, and discrimination towards native workers. Decomposition results also find that the wage differentials between Indonesian and Indian workers are mostly due to their differences in observed characteristics.
Kemajuan dalam bidang sains, teknologi, kejuruteraan dan matematik (STEM) memberikan sumbangan yang besar kepada ekonomi Malaysia terutama terhadap peluang pekerjaan. Walaupun ramai graduan dalam bidang STEM adalah wanita, penyertaan mereka dalam pasaran buruh bidang STEM masih rendah. Justeru, kajian ini dijalakan untuk mengenalpasti jenis persekitaran pekerjaan yang diperlukan oleh wanita agar mereka menceburi bidang STEM. Rentetan itu, kajian ini mengaplikasi kaedah kualitatif iaitu temubual mendalam terhadap responden wanita yang menyertai, kekal dan menerajui STEM. Menerusi analisis NVIVO terhadap transkripsi temubual, dua dapatan diperoleh iaitu wanita menyertai dan kekal dalam bidang STEM dipengaruhi oleh faktor persekitaran kerja psikososial, fizikal dan working condition. Manakala untuk menjadikan mereka menerajui bidang STEM, faktor persekitaran kerja psikososial dan working condition perlu dititikberatkan. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa pihak swasta atau kerajaan perlu memastikan bahawa wanita memperoleh persekitaran kerja yang baik dari segi psikososial, fizikal dan working condition bagi meningkatkan penyertaan wanita dalam bidang STEM.
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