In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in heat transfer enhancement using nanofluids in channels due to current devices become smaller and more compact and are expected to perform better. Thus, we attempt to introduce hybrid nanofluids flow in a straight pipe using Ansys Fluent software. The simulation was prepared with certain specific parameters such as the hydraulic diameter is set at 10mm, the flow is a continuum, the Reynold number in the range of 5000 to 30000, k-e turbulent model used in this simulation, the inlet temperature 297 K, and the uniform temperature along the pipe at 313 K. This study was carried out on Al2O3+Cu / water hybrid nanofluids to analyse the thermal improvement and friction factor of nanofluids occur in a straight pipe. Then, the numerical results obtained were compared between mono and hybrid nanofluids. It was found that the mono nanofluids at 1% and 4% indicate a significant increase in Nusselt number at 17% and 24% respectively and hybrid nanofluid increase at 2% to 5.6% compared to base fluid. Whereas the friction factor remains similar for all the nanofluids. However, the performance evaluation criterion (PEC) has shown that hybrid nanofluids remain lower than mono nanofluids.
Development of multichannel analyzer using sound card ADC for nuclear spectroscopy system AIP Conference Proceedings 1584, 50 (2014) Abstract. This paper presents the design of new digital radiation survey meter with LND7121 Geiger Muller tube detector and Atmega328P microcontroller. Development of the survey meter prototype is carried out on Arduino Uno platform. 16-bit Timer1 on the microcontroller is utilized as external pulse counter to produce count per second or CPS measurement. Conversion from CPS to dose rate technique is also performed by Arduino to display results in micro Sievert per hour (μSvhr -1 ). Conversion factor (CF) value for conversion of CPM to μSvhr -1 determined from manufacturer data sheet is compared with CF obtained from calibration procedure. The survey meter measurement results are found to be linear for dose rates below 3500 μSv/hr.
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