It is globally known that the COVID-19 pandemic affected all aspects of society, including issues pertaining to health, economic, social, and environmental issues. The pandemic has already continued for two years and counting, and we are now advised to live coexisting with COVID-19 in the new normal era. During this new normal era, especially in Indonesia, many medical wastes (face masks, gloves, goggles, etc.) and other type of wastes are being generated due to COVID-19. However, the waste profile (waste management or waste handling) and the specific waste distribution in Indonesia during COVID-19 is not clearly understood. Therefore, in this study we perform a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of studies published during COVID-19 to describe the aforementioned issues regarding waste management in Indonesia by extracting data from Scopus as a leading indexing service for peer-reviewed publications. From more than 230,000 titles in Scopus regarding COVID-19, there are only 24 titles related to waste management in Indonesia during COVID-19. From the bibliometric analysis of the extracted data from Scopus, it can be observed that there are four clusters of interest, namely (1) medical waste and its processing, (2) COVID-19-related issues, (3) Indonesia and waste management, and (4) solid waste. The study of these issues is essential to obtain not only a clean environment, but also a sustainable future for an Indonesia that is free from COVID-19 and other related diseases in the future. Moreover, the bibliometric analysis also uncovers the research and publication gap for the topic of waste management in Indonesia in the COVID-19 pandemic era.
A placebo double blind pre-post human study was conducted in apparently healthy adults. There were two treatment groups consisting of Group A and B representing probiotic and placebo group, respectively ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menggunakan placebo double blind pre-post treatment design, yang dilakukan pada subjek individu dewasa sehat. Terdapat 2 kelompok perlakuan yang terdiri atas kelompok A dan B, yaitu kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan probiotik Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 dan kontrol (plasebo). Dua puluh empat orang telah dipilih secara acak, masing-masing diberi plasebo atau probiotik Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506. Bubuk kering dalam wadah kapsul diberikan sebagai suplemen dengan dosis 2.6x10 10 CFU/hari selama 21 hari berturut-turut. Sampel feses diambil sebelum dan sesudah suplemen diberikan. Sampel feses segar dikultur pada media MRS dan dilakukan hitung jumlah bakteri secara konvensional (plate count) untuk mengetahui viabilitas Lactobacillus sp. Sebagian sampel dibekukan untuk pemeriksaan real time PCR untuk melihat keberadaan Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 dengan primer spesifik. Keberadaan Lactobacillus sp pada feses orang dewasa sehat yang diberi kapsul berisi probiotik Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 lebih banyak secara signifikan dibandingkan individu yang diberi bubuk plasebo. Deteksi molekuler mengkonfirmasi dan memvalidasi bahwa Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 berada dalam feses kelompok probiotik setelah pemberian suplemen selama 21 hari. Namun, keberadaan dan viabilitas Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 tidak ditemukan secara konsisten dalam saluran cerna.
Abstrak AbstractBackground: Digestive tract infection with clinical manifestation of diarrhea is an infectious disease that has the highest morbidity and mortality rate, especially in developing countries. Diarrhea causes mortality mostly in infants under one year old. Improvement in management is done continuously, but advances in diagnosis and therapy cannot be reached by developing countries. One of the etiological agents causing infection of digestive tract is bacteria. Therefore, knowledge of bacteria that cause gastrointestinal infection and their resistance patterns may support the management of this disease. The aim of this study was to examine microbes that were isolated from the digestive tract and their resistance patterns against antibiotics.
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